SHORT REPORT Rhyme Attenuates the Auditory Suffix Effect: Alliteration Does Not

Two experiments are reported in each of which subjects were required to recall spoken consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) syllable lists serially. Both experiments contrasted the effects of a rhyming suffix and an alliterative suffix on recall of the terminal list item. A rhyming suffix reliably attenuated the normally robust suffix effect; an alliterative suffix did not. The finding points to the importance of the location rather than the quantity of phonological repetition in determining the size of the suffix effect. In line with Treiman and Danis (1988), it is argued that the onset (C) and rime (VC) components of CVC syllables may exist as separate entites within short-term acoustic memory. This, coupled with the superior durability of the rime component within acoustic memory, affords the subject a greater probability of recalling correctly the terminal list item in the rhyming suffix condition.     

Depression and power in mariage

To investigate the association between depression and power within marriage, fourteen couples in which the female partner was depressed were compared with fourteen non-depressed couples on a range of variables which assessed power bases, processes and outcomes, three domains identified in Cromwell and Olson's (1975) analysis of marital power. Compared with non-depressed couples, those containing a depressed female partner had distinctive profiles, and a subset of the characteristics of these couples was uniquely associated with depression and quite distinct from the couples' levels of marital satisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of theories of power in relationships and are seen to highlight the importance of including marital therapy as part of a treatment package for married women with depression.     

An assessment of social validity trends in applied behavior analysis

Research articles published during the first 31 years of Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis were assessed for reports of social validity measures. Two measures of social validity (treatment outcome and treatment acceptability) were assessed for each article. In addition, articles were assessed for the incorporation of analog versus naturalistic settings. Overall, treatment outcome and acceptability measures were reported in less than 13% of articles. In addition, studies conducted in naturalistic settings were more likely to report social validity measures than studies conducted in analog settings. Possible reasons for the deficit in the reporting of social validity measures and potential outcomes of this deficit are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knowledge and Truth in Virtuous Deliberation

Philosophia - The overall aim of this paper is to explore the role of knowledge and truth in the practical deliberation of candidate virtuous agents. To this end, the paper considers three...     

Psychosocial mediation of fruit and vegetable consumption in the body and soul effectiveness trial.

In this study the authors examined psychosocial variables as mediators for fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in a clustered, randomized effectiveness trial conducted in African American churches. The study sample included 14 churches (8 intervention and 6 control) with 470 participants from the intervention churches and 285 participants from the control churches. The outcome of FV intake and the proposed mediators were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Structural equation modeling indicated that the intervention had direct effects on social support, self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation; these variables also had direct effects on FV intake. Applying the M. E. Sobel (1982) formula to test significant mediated effects, the authors confirmed that social support and self-efficacy were significant mediators but that autonomous motivation was not. Social support and self-efficacy partially mediated 20.9% of the total effect of the intervention on changes in FV intake. The results support the use of strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy in dietary intervention programs.     

Phenomenological method and philosophy of history

Continental Philosophy Review - The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenological method as it applies to the philosophy of history. This leads me to divide my inquiry into two parts. I...