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891.
How that which we remember is selectively distorted by new information was studied in 3-monthold infants who learned to move a particular crib mobile by operant foot kicking. Infants who were passively exposed to a novel mobile 1, 2, or 3 days later subsequently treated the novel mobile as if they had actually been trained with it. Also, after the longest exposure delay, they no longer recognized the original mobile. Likewise, when the novel mobile was exposed after the longest delay, it could prime the forgotten training memory in a reactivation paradigm, but the original mobile no longer could. These data reveal that what we remember about an event is selectively distorted by what we encounter later. Moreover, the later in the retention interval we encounter new postevent information, the greater is its impact on retention. 相似文献
892.
893.
Carolyn M. Jagacinski 《决策行为杂志》1994,7(1):25-42
How do people make evaluations when important items of information are missing? In the context of personnel evaluations or product evaluations, researchers have proposed that decision makers may predict the missing attribute based on its assumed relationship to attributes that are present. In addition, some researchers have suggested that there is a penalty for missing information. An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the importance of the missing attribute on the hypothesized inference effect. Hypothetical job candidates were evaluated based on one or two attributes. The correlation between the attributes was varied between groups of subjects as was the importance of one of the attributes. The pattern of ratings of candidates with missing information varied significantly with the correlation condition when the missing attribute was very important, but did not vary as much when the missing attribute was less important. The results were generally consistent with the predictions of the Inferred Information Model (Johnson and Levin, 1985). On average, candidates with missing information were rated lower than comparable candidates with complete information and the missing attribute at an average level. 相似文献
894.
本研究采用主题绘人“草丛测验”对学习能力障碍儿童及正常儿童进行了测试比较。结果表明患儿组绘人技能及表现手法均逊于对照组。经Wapner绘画结构分析表明,患儿绘画具有画面组合单调、结构简单、缺乏人物动作形态、重叠结构表现困难、刻板遵循主题要求等特点。本文对这类表现特征进行了讨论。 相似文献
895.
Claude Barbre Ann M. Akers Lynne Hirschman Shalom Gorewitz Frederick A. Drobin Beverly A. Musgrave Daniel Liechty Bruce G. Epperly Clayton Crockett April S. Katherine Lynch Brenda Shaw Gregory Downey Marsha Tucker Hutchinson Nick Humez Norman Brandenstein Carolyn Bouchard Tracy Maureen Ross Barry Ulanov 《Journal of religion and health》1999,38(4):347-374
896.
897.
Ronald T. Brown Carolyn E. Ievers 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1999,6(1):63-88
Reviewed treatment interventions for pediatric populations involving the combination of pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy or either treatment employed alone. The literature revealed a dearth of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome studies, with the exception of investigations of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Issues pertaining to design, including sample selection, treatment integrity and comparability, and placebo controls also are reviewed. A potpourri of other issues are noted including parental attitudes toward the use of medication versus psychotherapy, treatment adherence, and patient/provider relationship. For children diagnosed with ADHD, the use of stimulant medication appears to be superior to psychotherapy employed alone in managing the behavior of these children as well as their classroom functioning. Recommendations are made for multimodal trials that examine the combined and individual use of pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies for various developmental and psychiatric disorders that occur in childhood and adolescence. Future studies also need to address the durable effects of these treatment options. 相似文献
898.
E. Coutureau R. Galani O. Gosselin M. Majchrzak G. Di Scala 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》1999,72(3):143-157
Latent inhibition (LI) is the deficit of conditioning resulting from repeated nonreinforced preexposure to a conditioned stimulus before its pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. There are cumulative data showing that large lesions of the hippocampal formation disrupt LI. However, the effects of selective lesions of the different components of the hippocampal formation have never been directly addressed in the same study and conditioning paradigm. The first experiment of the present study aimed at investigating the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus, subiculum, or entorhinal cortex on LI in an "off-baseline"-conditioned emotional response procedure. Hippocampus or subiculum lesions had no effect on either LI or conditioning. In contrast, entorhinal cortex lesions disrupted LI without modifying conditioning. In Experiment 2, locomotor activity in a novel environment was assessed in the same rats. Whereas lesions of hippocampus increased locomotor activity, lesions of the subiculum or the entorhinal cortex were devoid of effect. Although both LI and habituation to novel environmental cues are thought to involve interactions between the hippocampal formation and the mesolimbic pathway, these results indicate a functional dissociation between the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. 相似文献
899.
This study examined attitudes of heterosexual and homosexual males toward heterosexual and homosexual cross-dressers. It was hypothesized that heterosexual males would be equally intolerant of homosexual cross-dressers, heterosexual cross-dressers, and homosexuals who did not cross-dress, but that homosexuals would be more tolerant of noncross-dressing homosexuals than of the other two groups. It was also hypothesized that homosexual subjects, but not the heterosexual subjects, would rate the homosexual noncross-dressers as more masculine than the cross-dressers. Forty-five heterosexual and 45 homosexual male college students read stories about a character who was described as a heterosexual cross-dresser, a homosexual cross-dresser, or a plain homosexual. 83 subjects were Caucasian, 2 were Asian, and 5 were African American; about 60% of the subjects were middle class; 30% were from lower class families and 10% were upper class. Heterosexuals were much less tolerant of all three vignette characters than homosexuals, but neither group rated the characters much differently when they were labeled differently. Homosexuals, but not heterosexuals, rated the plain homosexual as more masculine than the cross-dressing characters. Results also showed that gay males with highly nontraditional attitudes toward women had higher self-esteem. 相似文献
900.
Recent meta-analytic research has demonstrated structured interviewing to hold acceptable validity and reliability. While the emphasis has been on refining psychometric properties, there is sufficient evidence to suggest a discrepancy between the manner in which interviewing systems should be used and how they are actually used. The present study examined the use of a commercially available structured interviewing system based on past behaviour. 112 candidates were interviewed on two separate occasions by 28 interviewers. Inter-rater reliability was 0.55. The system required the derivation of a consensus score which was found not to differ significantly from the arithmetical mean of the original scores suggesting the process was not undertaken as required. Follow up discussions with interviewers reported three main areas of misunderstanding; lack of role clarity, different interpretations of job specification and inconsistent use of the rating system. Data also suggested interviewers were inexperienced. A critical finding involved female interviewers making assumptions about female applicant's motivations and suitability to the position. This finding was explained by employing ‘person-in-job’ prototypes. The data support the conclusion that although structured interviews may contain appropriate psychometric properties, the application of the system is critical. 相似文献