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201.
Carolyn F. Curasi 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2011,10(2):111-118
Research suggests that older consumers hope to transfer their cherished possessions, bundled with their carefully edited personal history, to younger family members. Further, researchers have found that older consumers worry that their younger loved ones will not care about these cherished, transferred possessions. Using a random, national US sample, this research investigates these findings, examining the pervasiveness of some of the most common themes emanating from previous naturalistic investigations, thus broadening our understanding of intergenerational possession transfers. Findings indicate that many of the key themes in intergenerational possession transfers conducted in naturalistic investigations can be generalized to a majority of the adult population in the US. That is, in this random, national US sample, a majority of respondents report: that they hope their loved ones will care about their cherished possessions, that they plan to pass their family possessions on to subsequent generations, and that their familial possessions reflect their family identity. Findings also indicate that this was significant among all adult age groups, and that females value cherished possessions more than males. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
202.
Vivanti G McCormick C Young GS Abucayan F Hatt N Nadig A Ozonoff S Rogers SJ 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(3):841-856
Typically developing children understand and predict others' behavior by extracting and processing relevant information such as the logic of their actions within the situational constraints and the intentions conveyed by their gaze direction and emotional expressions. Children with autism have difficulties understanding and predicting others' actions. With the use of eye tracking and behavioral measures, we investigated action understanding mechanisms used by 18 children with autism and a well-matched group of 18 typically developing children. Results showed that children with autism (a) consider situational constraints in order to understand the logic of an agent's action and (b) show typical usage of the agent's emotional expressions to infer his or her intentions. We found (c) subtle atypicalities in the way children with autism respond to an agent's direct gaze and (d) marked impairments in their ability to attend to and interpret referential cues such as a head turn for understanding an agent's intentions. 相似文献
203.
Efficacy trials test whether interventions work under optimal, highly controlled conditions whereas effectiveness trials test whether interventions work with typical clients and providers in real-world settings. Researchers, providers, and funding bodies have called for more effectiveness trials to understand whether interventions produce effects under ecologically valid conditions, which factors predict program effectiveness, and what strategies are needed to successfully implement programs in practice settings. The transition from efficacy to effectiveness with preventive interventions involves unique considerations, some of which are not shared by treatment research. The purpose of this article is to discuss conceptual and methodological issues that arise when making the transition from efficacy to effectiveness research in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, drawing on the experiences of two complimentary research groups as well as the existing literature. We address (a) program of research, (b) intervention design and conceptualization, (c) participant selection and characteristics, (d) providers, (e) context, (f) measurement and methodology, (g) outcomes, (h) cost, and (i) sustainability. We present examples of research in eating disorder prevention that demonstrate the progression from efficacy to effectiveness trials. 相似文献
204.
Carter L 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2011,56(3):334-340
This panel emerged from shared clinical concerns when working with adult patients whose presentation style was reminiscent of a disorganized (Type D) infant attachment pattern. Psychotherapeutic work with such patients poses complicated transference and countertransference dilemmas which are addressed by all four panellists via theory and clinical vignettes. In common is an interest in contemporary attachment, neuroscience and trauma theories and their relationship to analytical psychology. Intergenerational trauma seems to be a salient factor in the evolution of fragmented and fragmenting interactions that lead to failures in self-coherence and healthy interpersonal relationships. Such early relational trauma is compounded by further episodes of abuse and neglect leading to failure in a core sense of self. These clinicians share how they have integrated theory and practice in order to help dissociated and disorganized patients to transform their dark and extraordinary suffering through implicit and explicit experiences with the analyst into new, life giving patterns of relationship with self and others. The alchemy of transformation, both positive and negative, is evident in the case material presented. 相似文献
205.
Studies of cognitive control show that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are
involved in the detection and resolution of cognitive conflict. However, the neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying emotional
interference effects are less consistent. We used fMRI during emotional and nonemotional versions of a facial Stroop task
to investigate the effects of emotional stimuli on cognitive control. In the full group there was limited evidence that different
prefrontal circuits manage conflict arising from emotional and nonemotional distractors. However, individual differences in
trait anxiety affected both behavioral performance and neural activity during the emotional task. Relative to low-anxiety
(LA) subjects, high-anxiety (HA) subjects showed greater amygdala activity to task-relevant emotional information and impaired
performance and greater conflict-related activity in the dACC when emotional content was task-irrelevant. Only LA subjects
activated rostral ACC during the emotional task. This is consistent with cognitive models of individual differences that hypothesize
deficient control of task-irrelevant emotional information in HA subjects. Additional behavioral and fMRI results from this
study may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic-journals .org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
206.
Carolyn Black Becker Chantale Wilson Allison Williams Mackenzie Kelly Leda McDaniel Joanna Elmquist 《Body image》2010,7(4):280-288
Research supports the efficacy of both cognitive dissonance (CD) and healthy weight (HW) eating disorders prevention, and indicates that CD can be delivered by peer-facilitators, which facilitates dissemination. This study investigated if peer-facilitators can deliver HW when it is modified for their use and extended follow-up of peer-facilitated CD as compared to previous trials. Based on pilot data, we modified HW (MHW) to facilitate peer delivery, elaborate benefits of the healthy-ideal, and place greater emphasis on consuming nutrient dense foods. Female sorority members (N = 106) were randomized to either two 2-h sessions of CD or MHW. Participants completed assessment pre- and post-intervention, and at 8-week, 8-month, and 14-month follow-up. Consistent with hypotheses, CD decreased negative affect, thin-ideal internalization, and bulimic pathology to a greater degree post-intervention. Both CD and MHW reduced negative affect, internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and bulimic pathology at 14 months. 相似文献
207.
Intersectional Identities and the Politics of Altruistic Care in a Low-Income, Urban Community 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacqueline S. Mattis Nyasha A. Grayman Sheri-Ann Cowie Cynthia Winston Carolyn Watson Daisy Jackson 《Sex roles》2008,59(5-6):418-428
The literatures on the ways in which social identity and social position (e.g., gender, class, race) inform altruism have developed orthogonally. In this community-based qualitative study we use intersectionality theory to explore the complex ways in which social identity and social structures jointly influence altruism among African American adults (n?=?40) in an urban, economically distressed housing community in New York City. Content analysis of participants’ narratives reveals the ways in which gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, and urbanicity work in tandem to create differential patterns of vulnerability, differential needs, differential commitments to caring for particular subgroups, and informs how altruists are perceived by others. The implications of this work for future research on altruism are highlighted. 相似文献
208.
209.
Jessica Carter 《Synthese》2008,163(2):119-131
This paper compares the statement ‘Mathematics is the study of structure’ with the actual practice of mathematics. We present
two examples from contemporary mathematical practice where the notion of structure plays different roles. In the first case
a structure is defined over a certain set. It is argued firstly that this set may not be regarded as a structure and secondly that what is important
to mathematical practice is the relation that exists between the structure and the set. In the second case, from algebraic
topology, one point is that an object can be a place in different structures. Which structure one chooses to place the object
in depends on what one wishes to do with it. Overall the paper argues that mathematics certainly deals with structures, but
that structures may not be all there is to mathematics.
I wish to thank Colin McLarty as well as the anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. 相似文献
210.
Burk LR Park JH Armstrong JM Klein MH Goldsmith HH Zahn-Waxler C Essex MJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(4):513-526
This prospective investigation sought to discriminate children who were both aggressive towards and victimized by peers in
the first grade, from those who were only aggressive, only victimized, or neither (i.e., socially adjusted), using early child
and family risk factors. Two hundred thirty-eight children, their mothers, and teachers participated in a longitudinal study
since birth. All three aggressor/victim subgroups showed greater temperamental dysregulation than the socially adjusted children,
but only aggressive victims had significantly poorer social perception skills. Aggressive victims were distinguished from
aggressors by greater exposure to maternal depression and from victims by lower levels of early inhibition, but they shared
the experiences of negative family emotional expressiveness with aggressors and greater mother-child negativity with victims.
The identification of early risk factors is crucial to prevention and early intervention efforts that have the potential to
attenuate the long term emotional, social, and academic problems associated with aggressive victim status. 相似文献