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Grimes MT Harley CW Darby-King A McLean JH 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2012,19(3):107-115
54.
Sburlati ES Lyneham HJ Mufson LH Schniering CA 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2012,15(2):93-112
In order to treat adolescent depression, a number of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) have been developed from both
the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A) frameworks. Research has shown that in order
for these treatments to be implemented in routine clinical practice (RCP), effective therapist training must be generated
and provided. However, before such training can be developed, a good understanding of the therapist competencies needed to
implement these ESTs is required. Sburlati et al. (Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:89–109, 2011) developed a model of therapist competencies for implementing CBT using the well-established Delphi technique. Given that
IPT-A differs considerably to CBT, the current study aims to develop a model of therapist competencies for the implementation
of IPT-A using a similar procedure as that applied in Sburlati et al. (Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:89–109, 2011). This method involved: (1) identifying and reviewing an empirically supported IPT-A approach, (2) extracting therapist competencies
required for the implementation of IPT-A, (3) consulting with a panel of IPT-A experts to generate an overall model of therapist
competencies, and (4) validating the overall model with the IPT-A manual author. The resultant model offers an empirically
derived set of competencies necessary for effectively treating adolescent depression using IPT-A and has wide implications
for the development of therapist training, competence assessment measures, and evidence-based practice guidelines. This model,
therefore, provides an empirical framework for the development of dissemination and implementation programs aimed at ensuring
that adolescents with depression receive effective care in RCP settings. Key similarities and differences between CBT and
IPT-A, and the therapist competencies required for implementing these treatments, are also highlighted throughout this article. 相似文献
55.
Carolyn S. Dewa Lorne Tugg Vicky Stergiopoulos Abbas Ghavam-Rassoul Wayne K. deRuiter 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2012,42(1):45-54
A number of studies have consistently reported that there is a greater prevalence of mental illness among the most socioeconomically disadvantaged. At the same time, there is evidence that services are not optimally accessed by the most socioeconomically disadvantaged; the most in need of care are also the most likely to have unmet healthcare needs. Of people with mental illnesses, those with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are the most at risk of poverty and the least likely to have optimal care. In the past, specialized community mental health services have been identified as the primary provider for people with SMI. However, there is growing interest in using the primary care setting as the main source of mental health care where both medical treatment and psychotherapy can be accessed. In this paper, we examine factors related to primary care use (and in turn, pharmacologic and psychotherapies) for people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and who have a SMI. 相似文献
56.
The roles of belief in a just world (BJW) and discrimination against ones' group in perceptions of personal discrimination were examined. Female participants (n = 63) were personally discriminated against in a laboratory setting. We manipulated whether the experimenter appeared to discriminate against other participants, which presumably made the presence of personal discrimination less ambiguous, or did not appear to discriminate against others, which presumably made personal discrimination more ambiguous. In the no group discrimination condition, but not in the group discrimination condition, participants' perceptions of being personally discriminated against depended on individual differences in BJW: Women with a strong BJW perceived less personal discrimination than those with a weak BJW. Also, strong BJW women in the group discrimination condition perceived less personal discrimination than strong BJW women in the no group discrimination condition. 相似文献
57.
Carolyn Michelle 《Sex roles》2012,66(1-2):21-37
This paper reports key findings from a content analysis of gender and ethnic depictions in a sample of 2,120 New Zealand prime-time television advertisements screened in 2006. The study explored the following questions: With what product categories are male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters most commonly associated? What are the most common occupational roles of male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters? The results reveal highly stereotypical depictions of women and men within each ethnic category. White men dominated advertisements for foodstuffs, telecommunications and financial/corporate/legal services and were over-represented as professionals/white collar workers, while White women were over-represented in advertisements for household products, personal products, and medical products and featured predominantly as homemakers. Māori/Pasifika men were over-represented as athletes and service and sales workers. Non-White women featured prominently within multi-ethnic groups in advertisements for personal grooming products and most frequently featured as glamour models, while non-White men were over-represented as blue collar workers. Largely absent were Māori/Pasifika women and Asians of both genders, potentially exacerbating the multiple axes of subordination encountered by these groups in the New Zealand context. 相似文献
58.
The study examined the responses of typically developing infants to the distress of another, prior to and following the transition to the second year. Infants’ responses to maternal simulations of distress and to a peer distress videotape were observed from 8 to 16 months, using an accelerated longitudinal design (overall n = 37). Modest levels of affective and cognitive empathy for another in distress were already evident before the second year, and increased gradually (and not always significantly) across the transition to the second year. Prosocial behavior was rare in the first year and increased substantially during the second year. Self-distress reactions were rare overall. Individual differences in cognitive and affective empathy assessed in the first year, particularly at 10-months, predicted the levels of prosocial behavior observed in the second year. No gender differences were found. Theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
59.
Julia L. Allan Barbara Farquharson Derek W. Johnston Martyn C. Jones Carolyn J. Choudhary Marie Johnston 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2014,105(2):200-213
Nurses working for telephone‐based medical helplines must maintain attentional focus while quickly and accurately processing information given by callers to make safe and appropriate treatment decisions. In this study, both higher levels of general occupational stress and elevated stress levels on particular shifts were associated with more frequent failures of attention, memory, and concentration in telephone nurses. Exposure to a stressful shift was also associated with a measurable increase in objectively assessed information‐processing errors. Nurses who experienced more frequent cognitive failures at work made more conservative decisions, tending to refer patients on to other health professionals more often than other nurses. As stress is associated with cognitive performance decrements in telephone nursing, stress‐reduction interventions could improve the quality and safety of care that callers to medical helplines receive. 相似文献
60.