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681.
682.
Caroline Closon 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2011,17(1):43-56
This study proposes to apply the paradigm of Churchill in the case of the adaptation in french and validation of the Maignan and Ferrell scale (1999) based on the model developed by Carroll (1979). This model proposes to distinguish four principles of social responsibility: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Four factors were highlighted in a first exploratory study conducted among 320 workers. This structure was confirmed during a second confirmatory investigation among 287others workers. If the four identified factors do not match exactly to the theoretical chosen model, they bring value to support the differences in social responsibility between the internal actors and external actors. 相似文献
683.
A substantial amount of empirical and theoretical debate remains concerning the extent to which an ability to orient with
respect to the environment is determined by global (i.e., principal axis of space), local (i.e., wall lengths, angles), and/or
view-based (i.e., stored representation) accounts. We developed an orientation task that allowed the manipulation of the reliability
of the principal axis of space (i.e., searching at the egocentric left- and/or right-hand side of the principal axis) between
groups while maintaining goal distance from the principal axis, local cues specifying the goal location (i.e., short wall
left, short wall right, and obtuse angle), and visual aspects of the goal location consistent across groups. Control and test
trials revealed that participants trained with a reliable principal axis of space utilized both global and local geometric
cues, whereas those trained with an unreliable principal axis of space utilized only local geometric cues. Results suggest
that both global and local geometric cues are utilized for reorientation and that the reliability of the principal axis of
an enclosure differentially influences the use of geometric cues. Such results have implications for purely global-based,
purely local-based, and purely view-based matching theoretical accounts of geometry learning and provide evidence for a unified
orientation process. 相似文献
684.
685.
Two experiments investigated the validity of the Autism Quotient (AQ) scale for measuring traits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in a population of male university students. Both studies found evidence that individuals who scored higher on the AQ questionnaire performed in a similar way to individuals with ASD on tasks with a perceptual component. Experiment 1 demonstrated a difference in the degree to which higher scoring AQ individuals performed on a perceptual learning task; with higher AQ scorers showing no advantage for familiar over novel items less. In Experiment 2, higher scorers showed fewer errors when judging the elements, as opposed to the global configuration, of a Navon task letter. Both of these patterns of results had previously been noted in individuals with ASD. These results suggest that the AQ may have some validity in identifying individuals in the nonclinical population with similar performance profiles to those with ASD. 相似文献
686.
Research on resiliency and recovery in forensic psychiatric patients is still limited. Information pertaining to factors associated with successful community reintegration would contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of functioning and informed treatment planning that fits within a recovery approach of service provision. Using a retrospective design involving file reviews and a 3-year follow-up period, the authors investigated the rate of successful/unsuccessful community reintegration (defined by the presence or absence of an absolute discharge/readmission to hospital) in female forensic psychiatric patients (N = 48). The study evaluated the extent to which the risk and protective factors captured in the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) predicted a range of positive and negative outcomes in the study sample. Results showed that 47.9% of the women qualified as having successfully reintegrated into the community, with the remaining 52.1% qualifying as still being in recovery. Successful individuals possessed significantly more protective factors and significantly fewer risk factors than individuals still in recovery. Furthermore, both the vulnerability and the strength scale of the START demonstrated good predictive validity, however we did not find evidence of incremental validity of the strength scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
687.
The impact of epilepsy on quality of life (QoL) is well-documented. The ability of epileptic seizures to alter the conscious states of patients is also well established. Although there is much research on the QoL of people with epilepsy, few researchers have looked specifically at the effect of sudden, unanticipated alterations of consciousness on QoL. This lack of systematic studies of consciousness alterations and QoL in epilepsy limits our ability to shed light on this interrelation. In this article, with these limitations in mind, we focus on studies of newer AEDs. We review the evidence as to whether a significant reduction (typically more than 50%) in seizures that induce alterations of consciousness, as a result of switching to one of the newer AEDs, leads to improvements in QoL. We draw on this literature to speculate on the relationship between ictal consciousness alterations and poor QoL in epilepsy, to identify contributory and confounding factors and to highlight implications for future research. We suggest that an understanding of how factors associated with consciousness impairment affect QoL could help the treatment and management of these patients. 相似文献
688.
The development of speech language therapy students into clinicians is an area of increasing interest as educators focus on
how knowledge, skills and attitudes are taught and learnt within the profession. The personal journeys of students through
experiences of service learning have potential to further our understanding of the impact of civic engagement on the student
experience and their learning. This paper explores the journeys of first year speech and language therapy students through
a Thematic Analysis of reflective letters written by students to themselves at the beginning and completion of a service learning
module. Analysis demonstrates development of interpersonal and preclinical skills as well as an understanding of attitudes
and values inherent in the social model of disability. The skills and attitudes developed by the students through participation
in the Conversation Partner Scheme are consistent with social model principles that support therapists to fully address the
long-term, real life needs of clients with aphasia (the acquired communication disorder that frequently follows stroke). The
interface between the social model of disability and the role of service learning in nurturing the attitudes and values which
underpin this model are explored. 相似文献
689.
Many common behaviours require people to coordinate the timing of their actions with the timing of others' actions. We examined whether representations of musicians' actions are activated in coperformers with whom they must coordinate their actions in time and whether coperformers simulate each other's actions using their own motor systems during temporal coordination. Pianists performed right-hand melodies along with simple or complex left-hand accompaniments produced by themselves or by another pianist. Individual performers' preferred performance rates were measured in solo performance of the right-hand melody. The complexity of the left-hand accompaniment influenced the temporal grouping structure of the right-hand melody in the same way when it was performed by the self or by the duet partner, providing some support for the action corepresentation hypothesis. In contrast, accompaniment complexity had little influence on temporal coordination measures (asynchronies and cross-correlations between parts). Temporal coordination measures were influenced by a priori similarities between partners' preferred rates; partners who had similar preferred rates in solo performance were better synchronized and showed mutual adaptation to each other's timing during duet performances. These findings extend previous findings of action corepresentation and action simulation to a task that requires precise temporal coordination of independent yet simultaneous actions. 相似文献
690.
Thevenot C Barrouillet P Castel C Jimenez S 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(11):2110-2124
This paper addresses the relationship between basic numerical processes and higher level numerical abilities in normal achieving adults. In the first experiment we inferred the elementary numerical abilities of university students from the time they needed to encode numerical information involved in complex additions and subtractions. We interpreted the shorter encoding times in good arithmetic problem solvers as revealing clearer or more accessible representations of numbers. The second experiment shows that these results cannot be due to the fact that lower skilled individuals experience more maths anxiety or put more cognitive efforts into calculations than do higher skilled individuals. Moreover, the third experiment involving non-numerical information supports the hypothesis that these interindividual differences are specific to number processing. The possible causal relationships between basic and higher level numerical abilities are discussed. 相似文献