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201.
Sella Ana Carolina Mendonça Ribeiro Daniela White Glen W. 《The Psychological record》2014,64(1):89-103
The Psychological Record - The purpose of the present study was to assess if training in matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks would yield not only new MTS performance but also written topography-based... 相似文献
202.
Personality Assessment Inventory internalizing and externalizing structure in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Associations with aggression 下载免费PDF全文
203.
Three water maze experiments with rats examined egocentric vs. allocentric search as a function of platform distance and the
predictiveness of the start trajectory and environmental cues. In Experiment 1, rats trained to a Near platform predicted
both by landmarks and a fixed start trajectory showed approximately equal egocentric and allocentric search when tested from
a novel start location. Rats trained to a Far platform and tested the same way predominantly showed allocentric search. In
Experiment 2, rats trained to a Near platform predicted only by landmarks or background cues showed predominant egocentric
search. In Experiment 3, rats trained to a Near or a Far platform with a fixed trajectory and no landmarks, showed predominant
egocentric. Non-predictive landmarks reduced egocentric search in rats trained with a Far, but not with a Near platform. Overall,
with increased goal distance, rats decrease dependence on an egocentric trajectory and increase attention to surrounding landmarks.
These results add to the developing notion that animals use both egocentric and allocentric search balanced by environmental
conditions, such as distance to the goal and the number of landmarks. 相似文献
204.
Christina L. Kim Tamara L. Anderson M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall Michele M. Willingham 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(5):453-465
This study is a phenomenological exploration of discrimination experiences among 11 Asian/Asian-American female faculty at various Christian universities, with a specific focus on the characteristics of the Christian academic environment which contribute to those experiences. Participants completed a 90-minute semi-structured interview. Ten of the 11 women described experiences where they perceived being treated differently due to race and/or gender. Qualitative analyses of interview data resulted in the emergence of three themes related to the discrimination context (lack of diversity, naiveté and denial and “missionary mentality”). Resulting themes are discussed in light of existing research. Future research implications include the continued need for research on factors that contribute to discrimination in religious contexts. 相似文献
205.
Zorana Ivcevic David B. Pillemer Qi Wang Yubo Hou Huizhen Tang Tamara Mohoric 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(7):703-711
Young adults in the United States, Croatia, and China described personal episodes of times when they felt especially good or bad about themselves. These self-esteem memories were either recent (episodes that occurred during the previous 4 weeks) or remote (episodes that occurred between the ages of 10 and 15). Systematic content differences between memories of positive and negative self-worth were apparent primarily for remote rather than for recent memories. Across cultures, long-lasting positive memories frequently represented achievement themes, whereas negative memories frequently represented social themes. Links between achievement success and positive self-regard, and between social distress and negative self-regard, are explained using theories of self-esteem and autobiographical memory. 相似文献
206.
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental phase characterized by hormonal, physiological, neural and behavioral alterations evident widely across mammalian species. For instance, adolescent rats, like their human counterparts, exhibit elevations in peer-directed social interactions, risk-taking/novelty seeking and drug and alcohol use relative to adults, along with notable changes in motivational and reward-related brain regions. After reviewing these topics, the present paper discusses conditioned preference and aversion data showing adolescents to be more sensitive than adults to positive rewarding properties of various drugs and natural stimuli, while less sensitive to the aversive properties of these stimuli. Additional experiments designed to parse specific components of reward-related processing using natural rewards have yielded more mixed findings, with reports of accentuated positive hedonic sensitivity during adolescence contrasting with studies showing less positive hedonic affect and reduced incentive salience at this age. Implications of these findings for adolescent substance abuse will be discussed. 相似文献
207.
Lauren E. Maltby M. Elizabeth L. Hall Tamara L. Anderson Keith Edwards 《Sex roles》2010,62(9-10):615-622
The present study examined the relationship between gender, religious belief and ambivalent sexism. Specifically, this study tested the hypothesis that participant gender moderates the relationship between religious belief and ambivalent sexism. Three-hundred thirty seven Evangelical Christian undergraduate students from the Southwestern United States were administered the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Christian Orthodoxy Scale. Results showed that gender moderated the relationship between Christian orthodoxy and Protective Paternalism. This finding suggests the importance of intervening variables, such as gender, in understanding the relationship between religion and sexism. 相似文献
208.
Alishia D. Williams Michelle L. Moulds Jessica R. Grisham Philippe Gay Tamara Lang Eva Kandris Aliza Werner-Seidler Carol Yap 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):397-405
Study 1 evaluated the psychometric properties of the English version of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ; Luciano
et al. 2005), an index of perceived control over intrusive cognitions. Confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 720 University
students revealed a clear uni-dimensional structure (after removal of items 5, 7, 8, 14, and 25) with high internal consistency
(α = .87, 95% CI = [.86, .88]) and test-retest reliability after a six month interval (r = .68). Correlational analyses supported an inverse relationship with measures of depression, anxiety, maladaptive cognitive
control strategies, and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology. Study 2 tested the ability of the TCAQ to predict successful
cognitive control during an experimental suppression protocol. Results demonstrated that weak thought control ability was
predictive of the frequency and associated levels of distress of a target thought while under instruction to suppress. Additionally,
weak perceived thought control ability was predictive of increased efforts to suppress the target material. Collectively,
results suggest that thought control ability is a measurable individual difference variable and that the TCAQ is a reliable
index of perceived cognitive control. 相似文献
209.
Pronobesh Banerjee Tamara Masters Promothesh Chatterjee 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2023,22(1):157-169
In this research, we show that despite a choice set configuration that promotes the compromise effect, consumers do not always prefer the middle alternative but rather choose the extreme option when one of the attributes has higher discriminability than the other. We use findings from the numerical cognition literature to demonstrate why this happens and, more importantly, provide a novel theoretical framework for what we call the “non-compromise extreme effect.” The findings are unique to the compromise effect literature, which has consistently shown the effect to be robust. More importantly, the findings show that a brand can successfully compete with a well-established competitor when it performs better on the low performing attribute, which gives a leeway to managers to take share away from the competitor. 相似文献
210.
This study investigated whether the positive effects of gestures on learning by decreasing working memory load, found in children and young adults, also apply to older adults, who might especially benefit from gestures given memory deficits associated with aging. Participants learned a problem‐solving skill by observing a video‐based modeling example, with the human model using gesture cues, with a symbolic cue, or without cues. It was expected that gesture compared with symbolic or no cues (i) improves learning and transfer performance, (ii) more in complex than simple problems, and (iii) especially in older adults. Although older adults' learning outcomes were lower overall than that of children and young adults, the results only revealed a time‐on‐task advantage of gesture over no cues in the learning phase for the older adults. In conclusion, the present study did not provide strong support for the effectiveness of gestures on learning from video‐based modeling example. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献