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991.
Three visual habituation studies using abstract animations tested the claim that infants' attachment behavior in the Strange Situation procedure corresponds to their expectations about caregiver-infant interactions. Three unique patterns of expectations were revealed. Securely attached infants expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to provide comfort. Insecure-resistant infants not only expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers but also expected caregivers to withhold comfort. Insecure-avoidant infants expected infants to avoid seeking comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to withhold comfort. These data support Bowlby's (1958) original claims-that infants form internal working models of attachment that are expressed in infants' own behavior. 相似文献
992.
Carol A. Sommer Janice E. Ward Thomas Scofield 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2010,88(4):500-507
The authors describe a qualitative study that explored how the use of stories in supervision may contribute to self‐reflection in master's‐level counseling interns. Interns from 2 universities participated in facilitated discussions of 3 fairy tales throughout a semester. The analysis of storied discussions revealed 3 themes related to supervisee experience: recurring cycles of highs and lows, balancing external and internal influences, and struggles with self‐awareness. Suggestions for practice and future research are included. 相似文献
993.
Michael J. Hove Mary Elizabeth Sutherland Carol L. Krumhansl 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(3):310-316
Absolute pitch (AP), the rare ability to identify a musical pitch, occurs at a higher rate among East Asian musicians. This
has stimulated considerable research on the comparative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Two studies examined
whether a similar ethnicity effect is found for relative pitch (RP), identifying the distance or interval between two tones.
Nonmusicians (n = 103) were trained to label musical intervals and were subsequently tested on interval identification. We establish similar
ethnicity effects: Chinese and Korean participants consistently outperformed other participants in RP tasks, but not in a
“relative rhythm” control task. This effect is not driven by previous musical or tone-language experience. The parallel with
the East Asian advantage for AP suggests that enhanced perceptual-cognitive processing of pitch is more general and is not
limited to highly trained musicians. This effect opens up many research questions concerning the environmental and genetic
contributions related to this more general pitch-based ability. 相似文献
994.
Christie Zunker Carol B. Peterson Li Cao James E. Mitchell Stephen A. Wonderlich Scott Crow Ross D. Crosby 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(12):1227-1231
The purpose of this study was to perform a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis on a treatment sample from a randomized controlled treatment trial of participants with binge eating disorder (BED). An ROC analysis was completed with 179 adults in a 20-week treatment trial for BED to predict abstinence from binge eating at end of treatment. Percent reductions in binge eating episodes were examined following weeks 1 through 10 of treatment. The rate of percent decrease in binge eating episodes during treatment for BED was a significant predictor of clinical outcome at end of treatment. Participants who demonstrated a 15% reduction in binge eating episodes at week one were more likely to respond positively to treatment and achieve clinical remission. Findings from the current study suggest that a significant reduction in binge eating during the first week of treatment may be predictive of end of treatment remission in those with BED. 相似文献
995.
Bernard F Fuemmeler Louise C Masse Amy L Yaroch Ken Resnicow Marci Kramish Campbell Carol Carr Terry Wang Alexis Williams 《Health psychology》2006,25(4):474-483
In this study the authors examined psychosocial variables as mediators for fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in a clustered, randomized effectiveness trial conducted in African American churches. The study sample included 14 churches (8 intervention and 6 control) with 470 participants from the intervention churches and 285 participants from the control churches. The outcome of FV intake and the proposed mediators were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Structural equation modeling indicated that the intervention had direct effects on social support, self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation; these variables also had direct effects on FV intake. Applying the M. E. Sobel (1982) formula to test significant mediated effects, the authors confirmed that social support and self-efficacy were significant mediators but that autonomous motivation was not. Social support and self-efficacy partially mediated 20.9% of the total effect of the intervention on changes in FV intake. The results support the use of strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy in dietary intervention programs. 相似文献
996.
997.
Barbara S. Plake Virginia Murphy-Berman Linda E. Derscheid Ruth Wenzl Gerber Sherral K. Miller Carol A. Speth Ruth E. Tomes 《Psychology of women quarterly》1987,11(2):255-264
Midwestern personnel and management association members rated bogus job applications which had identical background qualifications but varied by sex of applicant, sex-role related attributes of applicant, and degree of fit of applicant credentials to job demands. The applicants were rated on their qualifications and likelihood of being considered for the position, expected performance, and expected success in the job. A significant triple interaction was found for the variable that measured the likelihood of the applicant being considered for the position (i.e., access to the position). Higher access ratings were given to the sex–stereotypical applicant when the applicant's credentials matched job demands. When the applicant's credentials did not fit the job demands, raters tended to favor non–stereotypical applicants. Practical and research implications are discussed. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
Perhaps in reaction to criticisms of "woman as problem" formulations, psychological literature has nearly ignored women with serious mental illnesses (SMI), although epidemiological research indicates that women are overrepresented in these diagnoses. Data are presented on characteristics, functioning, and services received for a sample of nearly 2,500 SMI clients. Statistical clustering of clients with similar profiles produced four out of six clusters with significant differences in proportions of female versus male clients represented. The results indicate that the extent to which SMI clients display gender-related symptoms and behaviors is a significant factor in clinician perceptions and in service utilization. However, results also show substantial overlap in gender composition of the clusters. Discussion centers on the quality of care and appropriateness of services for female clients. Future research is suggested, utilizing a feminist understanding of women's diversity and of sociopolitical factors related to mental health. 相似文献