The potential effects of the implanted memory paradigm on child subjects

The purpose of this article is to examine the appropriate use of the implanted memory paradigm with children. In this paradigm, participants are asked repeatedly about fictitious events that never transpired. The responses of children in these investigations demonstrate clearly that they can be led to unintentionally create false memories. This article addresses whether memory research should continue to encourage children to create memories for events that never happened. The literature in other areas of psychology suggests that deception may lessen respect for authority, affect a child's self-esteem, and create stress. We propose that the use of the implanted memory paradigm be suspended indefinitely or until appropriate research demonstrates that the paradigm does not affect children negatively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conditional permission in deontic logic

Conclusion In the face of the considerations set forth above, I submit that Anderson's proposed definition (D) does not represent an acceptable construction of the concept of conditional permission. This, in turn, suggests that conditional permission must be viewed as a viable deontic relationship in its own right, and is not definable in terms of unconditional deontic concepts. It appears, then, that a reduction of conditional to unconditional deontic logic is not warranted.     

MEASURING AGENCY ATMOSPHERE AND COUNSELOR STYLE

A preliminary questionnaire designed to measure confrontive counseling styles was given to 101 counselors from the state division of vocational rehabilitation (DVR) and the state employment service (ES). The responses were analyzed to see which items discriminated between agencies and between the counselors' sexes, ages, levels of education, and number of years with the agency. There were 13 significant (p = .01) items and they are described and discussed.