Your work is interfering with our life! The influence of a significant other on employee job search activity

This research draws on family systems theory to examine the influence of the significant other on employees’ job search behaviours. Data from 102 matched pairs of employees and their significant others showed that significant others’ perception of the employee's work‐to‐family conflict was positively related to the employee's job search activity after controlling for employee self‐reported work‐to‐family conflict. Contributions and implications are discussed.     

Comparison of Patient Versus Trained Observer Assessments of Healthcare Providers’ Use of Motivational Interviewing Techniques for Patients Experiencing Depression and Anxiety in the Dominican Republic

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - In settings with limited mental health system capacity, integrated care and the improvement of patient-provider communication surrounding common...     

Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating Among Adolescent Girls and Boys: A Multiwave,Prospective Study

Symptoms of depression and eating disorders increase during adolescence, particularly among girls, and they tend to co-occur. Despite this evidence, there is meager research on whether depression increases the risk of future eating pathology, or vice versa, and we do not know whether these processes are different for adolescent girls and boys. Accordingly, this study explored the prospective reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and disordered eating at different time points from preadolescence to mid-adolescence and tested the moderator effect of gender on these associations. A community-based sample of Spanish youth (N?=?942, 49 % female) was assessed at ages of approximately 10-11 (T1), 12-13 (T2), 14-15 (T3), and 16-17 (T4) years. The bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and disordered eating were estimated in an autoregressive cross-lagged model with latent variables. A unidirectional, age-specific association between depressive symptoms at T1 and disordered eating at T2 was found. No other significant cross-lagged effect emerged, but the stability of the constructs was considerable. Gender did not moderate any of the links examined. Regardless of gender, the transition from childhood to adolescence appears to be a key period when depressive symptoms foster the development of disordered eating. These findings suggest that early prevention and treatment of depression targeting both girls and boys may result in lower levels of depressive symptoms and disordered eating in adolescence.     

The culture of gift giving: What do consumers expect from commercial and personal contexts?

Gift giving forms part of a symbolic exchange ritual that is common to all cultures and all periods of history. The goal of the present study is to explore such acts as exchange processes that seek reciprocity aimed at perpetuating relations. From the standpoint of the recipient, we posit the existence of a pattern of behaviour based on the sequence of perceived value–satisfaction–reciprocity. Findings obtained from a sample of 797 individuals indicate that how this sequence works is shaped by the occasion on which the gift is given, whether on commercial occasions—dates marked out by retailers on which everybody gives gifts—or personal occasions—dates marked by private celebrations. If we bear in mind that the ultimate goal of giving gifts is reciprocity or the intention to give in return, choosing an appropriate value may prove to be of particular interest in commercial terms for givers (buyers), recipients (users) and firms (influencers). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influencia de la imitación y la comprensión en la adquisición del lenguaje en niños deficientes: dos experimentos basados en un diseño de líneas de base múltiple y control concurrente

RESUMEN

En este trabajo se exponen dos experimentos relacionados con algunos aspectos de la adquisición y desarrollo del pre-lenguaje y primeras etapas del lenguaje funcional, tanto comprensivo como expresivo, con niños deficientes no-verbales. Las autoras parten del programa de Kent “Language Acquisition Program for the Retarded or Multiply Impaired”, y utilizan un diseño experimental de líneas de base múltiples y control concurrente. Los resultados confirman en gran parte la hipótesis según la cual la imitación vocal y el lenguaje comprensivo son dos repertorios básicos para el lenguaje expresivo, concluyendo que el programa adaptado de Kent es un instrumento válido para la enseñanza de diversos aspectos del lenguaje y que la técnica de control concurrente parece ser una buena alternativa en aquellos casos en que el diseño experimental intrasujeto no permite la reversión de las condiciones experimentales.     

Experiencia lingüística y desarrollo cognitivo: las ventajas del bilingüismo

RESUMEN

En este artículo se mantiene la hipótesis de la correlación positiva entre inteligencia y bilingüismo, debida a la existencia de ventajas cognitivas. La autora repasa algunos estudios con niños bilingües -destacando el de Okoh (1980)-, afirmando que estas investigaciones indican la presencia de ventajas cognitivas en tareas de creatividad verbal. Con relación a la influencia de la experiencia bilingüe en otras operaciones cognitivas, explica algunas dificultades para relacionar ambas, por lo que habría que realizar un considerable trabajo previo para poder extraer conclusiones definitivas sobre las dimensiones del desarrollo cognitivo que pueden beneficiarse. Respecto a los mecanismos a través de los que se produce dicha influencia, resalta la explicación estructural de Ben- Zeev (1977) recogiendo el concepto de competencia lingüística chomskyano. Tras profundizar en el modelo de Cummins (1981), con su análisis de los distintos tipos de competencia y la “hipótesis de los umbrales”, la autora se centra finalmente en los efectos cognitivos de diferentes tipos de bilingüismo.     

Revisión del constructo lugar de control a partir de sus instrumentos de evaluación sobre poblaciones infantiles

Resumen

Se realiza una revisión de las principales escalas de evaluación de las Expectativas de Lugar de Control existentes para niños y adolescentes, tanto en lo concerniente a sus características formales como a su fiabilidad y validez de constructo. El objetivo doble que se persigue reside, en primer lugar, en ofrecer una información que permita al lector escoger la escala más apropiada en función de los intereses que persiga. En segundo lugar, analizar el constructo a partir del cumplimiento de las predicciones realizadas por los autores de las mismas. Se discuten, al final, los hallazgos revisados en el contexto de la teoría del Aprendizaje Social y de la naturaleza y capacidad predictiva del constructo.     

How equivalent are the action execution,imagery, and observation of intransitive movements? Revisiting the concept of somatotopy during action simulation

Jeannerod (2001) hypothesized that action execution, imagery, and observation are functionally equivalent. This led to the major prediction that these motor states are based on the same action-specific and even effector-specific motor representations. The present study examined whether hand and foot movements are represented in a somatotopic manner during action execution, imagery, and action observation.     

Predictive Criterion-Related Validity of Observer Ratings of Personality and Job-Related Competencies Using Multiple Raters and Multiple Performance Criteria

The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive validity of observer ratings of personality and job-related competencies in a selection setting. Based on ratings from multiple raters of both the predictors and the criteria in a sample of MBA students, results indicated that observer ratings of Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, leadership, and interpersonal skills predicted work performance, team performance, and academic performance. For work performance and team performance, a composite of the four predictors had incremental predictive validity over general mental ability, even after controlling for how well the rater knew the ratee.