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491.
Previous studies have suggested that people holding protected values (PVs) show a bias against harmful acts, as opposed to
harmful omissions (omission bias). In the present study, we (1) investigated the relationship between PVs and acts versus
omissions in risky choices, using a paradigm in which act and omission biases were presented in a symmetrical manner, and
(2) examined whether people holding PVs respond differently to framing manipulations. Participants were given environmental
scenarios and were asked to make choices between actions and omissions. Both the framing of the outcomes (positive vs. negative)
and the outcome certainty (risky vs. certain) were manipulated. In contrast to previous studies, PVs were linked to preferences
for acts, rather than for omissions. PVs were more likely to be associated with moral obligations to act than with moral prohibitions
against action. Strikingly, people with strong PVs were immune to framing; participants with few PVs showed robust framing
effects. 相似文献
492.
The authors begin with a question regarding how to better draw upon relational thinking in making case assessments and treatment plans. They first address issues regarding the cultural construction of self and relationships, integrating women's psychology, family systems, and collectivist culture literatures within a discussion of power. Then they present a heuristic framework for how individuals orient themselves within relationships that includes two dimensions--focus and power--and evolves out of the social context. From these two dimensions, a typology of four basic relational orientations is presented: position directed, rule directed, independence directed, and relationship directed. Case examples from couple's therapy and suggestions for practice are provided. 相似文献
493.
En 2004, la ONU conmemoró el Año Internacional de la Familia. Es nuestro interés tratar aquí un aspecto de la educación con frecuencia inescuchado (la educación estética) en un ámbito educativo primordial como es la familia, y a menudo también pasado por alto o dado por supuesto, centrándonos especialmente en la experiencia del cine como colaboradora de la educación estética. Resaltamos la relevancia del estilo familiar de vida, los hábitos elementales de higiene, vestimenta y alimentación, el uso de juguetes, la decoración y, especialmente, el trato en las relaciones humanas: gestos, usos del habla en las conversaciones, etc. Todo ello colabora a poner en juego el cultivo de los sentidos externos: tacto, olfato, gusto, oído y vista, así como los internos: imaginación, memoria, experiencia de la vida. Y constituye una excelente preparación para la educación afectiva, moral, intelectual y social de los niños y las niñas. Una concreción pedagógica de la educación estética en la familia la constituye el cine. Éste requiere especialmente el acompañamiento de padres y educadores durante los primeros años para extraer la virtualidad educativa que el cine encierra. La estructura del texto responderá, por tanto, a tres apartados:
- La educación estética en el desarrollo de la personalidad humana.
- La familia como ámbito educativo en la esfera de lo estético.
- Una concreción de la educación estética: el cine.
494.
Use of the mathematical principle of inversion in young children 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An important issue in the development of mathematical cognition is the extent to which children use and understand fundamental mathematical concepts. We examined whether young children successfully use the principle of inversion and, if so, whether they do so based on qualitative identity, length, or quantity. Twenty-four preschool children and 24 children in Grade 1 were presented with three-term inversion problems (e.g., 3+2-2) and standard problems of similar magnitude (e.g., 2+4-3). Problems were presented in three conditions to determine whether children used inversion at all and, if so, whether their decisions were based on quantitative or nonquantitative features of the problems. Both preschool and Grade 1 children showed evidence of using inversion in a fully quantitative manner, indicating that this principle is available in some form prior to extensive formal instruction in arithmetic. 相似文献
495.
The coincidence effect--a phenomenon known in similarity research--suggests that people assign extra weight to features that 2 items have in common. The role of this effect in 2 kinds of environmental judgments about food products is investigated. Task 1 ("How environmentally friendly is a particular food product compared with a reference?") provided some evidence for the coincidence hypothesis. However, Task 2 ("How much more or less environmentally harmful is a food product compared with a standard?") showed anticoincidence. People's subjective evaluations were examined in regard to how they matched or deviated from objective measures of harmful environmental consequences related to food products. Coincidence and anticoincidence help to explain when and why subjective and objective evaluations may diverge. 相似文献
496.
Validation of the cognitive structure of the test of signs by structural equation modeling. The present work is aimed to carry out a validation study of the cognitive operations required for the correct solution of items of a math test which includes basic arithmetic operations between integer numbers. The validation of the hypothesized cognitive structure is made by means of structural equation modeling and triangulation methods. Results show strong and positive cognitive subordination relationships between some items but the structural equation model fit only provides a partial support for the proposed structure. However, the triangulation procedure provides further evidence of validity. 相似文献
497.
In the last 20 years the services sector has experienced a highly significant growth, being currently one of the most important economic sectors in our country. Inside the touristic sector, a strong competence has being experienced among the lodging and restoration establishments. In a scenario characterized by competitiveness, the bet for quality represents a difficult competitive advantage to surpass (García-Buedes, 2001). The objective of this study is to carry out an approach to the evaluation of the perceived quality of the restaurants. As a result of bibliographic revision, and also a first approach of a qualitative nature, we started from a scale of 31 items that included 5 dimensions: access, personal, service, product and installations. The results obtained applying the questionnaire to more than 2400 clients of 180 establishments of Santiago de Compostela and region, by means of structured interviews, confirmed that not all these dimensions had the same importance as predictors of customer satisfaction. Specifically, the product emerges as the most important dimension. Likewise, the elimination of the dimension service and a more exhaustive selection of the items, based on psychometric criteria, has permitted to define a brief scale, consisting of only 15 items, which makes it very attractive as a management tool. The final scale proposed to evaluate the perceived quality in the restaurant sector includes four fundamental and non-independent dimensions. These are, ordered by importance: product, personal, installations and access. 相似文献
498.
499.
Paradis C 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2006,6(4):61-3; discussion W42-5
500.
Paradis C 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2006,6(1):24-6; discussion W27-8