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121.
Maaike M. Van Rest Walter Matthys Maroesjka Van Nieuwenhuijzen Marleen H.M. De Moor Aart Vriens Carlo Schuengel 《Child neuropsychology》2019,25(5):573-598
Executive Functions (EFs) have been associated with aggression in children and adolescents. EFs as higher-order cognitive abilities are assumed to affect cognitive functions such as Social Information Processing (SIP). We explored SIP skills as a mediating mechanism linking EFs to aggression in adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID with IQ from 50–84), a high risk group for aggressive behaviors and EF impairments. A total of 153 adolescents (Mage = 15.24, SD = 1.35; 54% male) with MBID participated. Focused attention, behavioral inhibition, and working memory were tested with multiple neurocognitive tasks to define latent EF constructs. Participants responded to a video-based SIP task. A latent construct for aggression was defined by caretaker, teacher, and adolescent self-reports of aggression (Child Behavior Check List, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self Report). Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation. Results were consistent with mediation of the relation between focused attention and aggression by SIP, namely via hostile interpretations and self-efficacy for aggression. Behavioral inhibition was linked to aggression, but this relation was not mediated by SIP. The relation between working memory and aggression was mediated by SIP, namely via hostile interpretations, aggressive response generation and via self-efficacy for aggressive responses. Bearing the cross-sectional design in mind, support was found for SIP skills as a mechanism linking EFs, in particular focused attention and working memory, to aggression, providing a viable explanation for the high vulnerability of adolescents with MBID for aggression. 相似文献
122.
Bettina Gabrielle V. Tenorio Joseph Aaron S. Joe Roberto Carlo M. Tamayo 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2019,32(1):63-80
Robust literature on commuter stress has shown the multiple impact of daily commuting in people's lives. Framed within a rhizomatic approach to narratives, we analyzed stories of 11 working and 9 student Filipino commuters by looking at the ways they act on or reconstruct themselves to manage stress. In urban Metro Manila, our findings showed three narrative “stress entryways”: getting caught by the wave, seating privileges, and stuck in transit. Theoretical and practical implications of findings on commuter well-being (e.g., keeping emotions in, releasing tensions), technologies of the “fit” commuter, and enriching conversations in traffic psychology and urban living are discussed. 相似文献
123.
Object imagery refers to the ability to construct pictorial images of objects. Individuals with high object imagery (high-OI)
produce more vivid mental images than individuals with low object imagery (low-OI), and they encode and process both mental
images and visual stimuli in a more global and holistic way. In the present study, we investigated whether and how level of
object imagery may affect the way in which individuals identify visual objects. High-OI and low-OI participants were asked
to perform a visual identification task with spatially-filtered pictures of real objects. Each picture was presented at nine
levels of filtering, starting from the most blurred (level 1: only low spatial frequencies—global configuration) and gradually
adding high spatial frequencies up to the complete version (level 9: global configuration plus local and internal details).
Our data showed that high-OI participants identified stimuli at a lower level of filtering than participants with low-OI,
indicating that they were better able than low-OI participants to identify visual objects at lower spatial frequencies. Implications
of the results and future developments are discussed. 相似文献
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125.
Recent studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) show impairments in empathy and emotional processing. In this study, we examined two different aspects of these abilities in a patient with semantic dementia (SD), a variant of FTLD. The first aspect was the assessment of the cognitive and emotional components of empathy through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The second was the naming and comprehension of emotions using the Ekman 60 Faces Test. The patient’s emotion word knowledge was spared and the emotional aspects of empathy preserved. Conversely, the patient performed below average for all of the basic emotions when an emotion word had to be matched with a picture. When picture-to-picture matching was tested, however, the patient was able to recognize happiness. This case is a good example of a dissociation of covert and overt emotional functioning in SD. Results are discussed in terms of the impaired empathic behavior and emotional functioning in FTLD. 相似文献
126.
127.
Carlo Semenza M.D. Patrizia S. Bisiacchi Letizia Romani 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1992,21(5):349-364
The status of semantic conceptual structures in aphasia was investigated with relation to naming disorders in spontaneous and constrained speech production. A battery of six tasks was administered to 25 control subjects and 25 aphasics: spontaneous speech production (from which the percentage of nouns was calculated), confrontation naming, understanding class relationships (verbal and pictorial), and understanding thematic relationships (verbal and pictorial). Results indicated the important role of taxonomic abilities for naming, while other conceptual structures (i.e., thematic relations) do not seem to play any important role in the process of naming. These results are discussed in terms of the internal organization of semantic information.This work was supported by grants to Drs. Semenza and Bisiacchi from the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione and by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Unita 14, Scienza del Comportamento. 相似文献
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129.
The primary goal of the present analysis was todetermine whether the commonly observed genderdifference in physical aggression could be accounted forby gender differences in selected personality and social contextual factors. Eighty-nineadolescents (M age = 16.0; 52% female; 53%European-Americans, 38% Latinos)completed self-reportmeasures, including sympathy (empathic concern andperspective taking) and parental involvement (support andmonitoring). Mediation analyses revealed that relativelyhigh levels of both empathic concern and parentalmonitoring accounted for relatively low levels ofphysical aggression. In addition, sympathy (for males)and parental involvement (males and females) werenegatively related to physical aggression. Discussionfocused on theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
130.