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181.
This paper provides an argument for a more socially relevant philosophy of science (SRPOS). Our aims in this paper are to
characterize this body of work in philosophy of science, to argue for its importance, and to demonstrate that there are significant
opportunities for philosophy of science to engage with and support this type of research. The impetus of this project was
a keen sense of missed opportunities for philosophy of science to have a broader social impact. We illustrate various ways
in which SRPOS can provide social benefits, as well as benefits to scientific practice and philosophy itself. Also, SRPOS
is consistent with some historical and contemporary goals of philosophy of science. We’re calling for an expansion of philosophy
of science to include more of this type of work. In order to support this expansion, we characterize philosophy of science
as an epistemic community and examine the culture and practices of philosophy of science that can help or hinder research
in this area. 相似文献
182.
We examined the relations between depression, emotional autonomy quality-related constructs of separation and detachment,
and suicidal ideation, focusing on the unique and common contribution that depression, separation and detachment made to suicidal
ideation. We also examined gender differences. 403 adolescents, 196 boys and 207 girls, completed self-report measures of
depression, separation and detachment, and suicidal ideation. The data showed a significant relation between depression and
suicidal ideation both for boys and girls, and between detachment and suicidal ideation only for boys. Results for boys supported
an additive model such that depression and detachment each contributed unique variance to boys’ suicidal ideation, and an
interactive model such that detachment contributed to exacerbate the risk of suicidal ideation when boys were already at risk
because of depression. The data for girls supported an interactive, but not additive, model such that depression and detachment
did not contribute independently to girls’ suicidal ideation but in a joint way. 相似文献
183.
184.
Carla Sharp Salome Vanwoerden 《Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy》2015,14(1):33-45
Interpersonal difficulties are a widely accepted characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the results of empirical findings of deficits in social-cognitive abilities that may underlie interpersonal difficulties in this population have been mixed. In this paper, we review the literature on social-cognitive impairment in BPD by organizing studies based on patterns of positive and negative of findings. We provide a new model of mentalizing impairment in BPD by integrating findings into one framework that suggests hypermentalizing as the core feature of social-cognitive impairment in BPD. We review data in support of a hypermentalizing model of BPD and situate this data in the broader context of current work on hypermentalizing. 相似文献
185.
Vincenzo Paolo Senese Gennaro Catone Anna Pezzella Luisa Almerico Maristella Iorio Marzia Maresca Carla Nasti Nunzia Matascioli Simone Pisano 《International journal of psychology》2024,59(1):184-191
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments had to impose social isolation measures to safeguard the citizens' health. However, this could have affected psychological problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects associated with social and emotional isolation during the acute phase of the COVID-19 in Italy. To this purpose, the degree of social isolation and loneliness and the presence of psychological problems (externalising and internalising) were investigated online in a sample of 395 young adults (18–30 years; 57% women). Results confirmed the relevant association between social isolation, loneliness and psychological problems, in both internalising and externalising dimensions. Particularly, loneliness showed the strongest association. Moreover, consistently with surveys conducted during the COVID-19-era, data highlighted that men were more vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness than women. These results underline the need for adequate interpersonal support during moments of isolation to prevent negative effects on psychological problems. 相似文献
186.
Donald B. Bailey Jr. Megan A. Lewis Shelly L. Harris Tracey Grant Carla Bann Ellen Bishop Myra Roche Sonia Guarda Leah Barnum Cynthia Powell Bradford L. Therrell Jr. 《Journal of genetic counseling》2013,22(1):108-117
The major objectives of this project were to develop and evaluate a brochure to help parents make an informed decision about participation in a fragile X newborn screening study. We used an iterative development process that drew on principles of Informed Decision Making (IDM), stakeholder input, design expertise, and expert evaluation. A simulation study with 118 women examined response to the brochure. An independent review rated the brochure high on informational content, guidance, and values. Mothers took an average of 6.5 min to read it and scored an average of 91.1 % correct on a knowledge test. Most women rated the brochure as high quality and trustworthy. When asked to make a hypothetical decision about study participation, 61.9 % would agree to screening. Structural equation modeling showed that agreement to screening and decisional confidence were associated with perceived quality and trust in the brochure. Minority and white mothers did not differ in perceptions of quality or trust. We demonstrate the application of IDM in developing a study brochure. The brochure was highly rated by experts and consumers, met high standards for IDM, and achieved stated goals in a simulation study. The IDM provides a model for consent in research disclosing complicated genetic information of uncertain value. 相似文献
187.
J. R. Vokey and J. D. Read (1985) indicated that listeners cannot consciously recognize backward messages but that some information can be obtained from reversed speech. If reverse speech has a powerful influence on language processing, as D. J. Oates (1991) has claimed, then one should be able to measure a reliable priming effect from reversed messages. Sixty undergraduate students listened to short messages presented either backward or forward. Immediately after listening to each message, they responded in a lexical decision task to a visually presented word that had either been present or had not been present in the preceding message. No priming effect was found for backward messages, although there was significant priming for forward messages. The results are not consistent with an effect of reverse speech on word processing. 相似文献
188.
Examination of societal reaction to sexual offenders reveals a history of harshness exemplified by the sexual psychopath laws of the 1930s. The latest round of legal attempts to control sex offenders uses Severe sentencing laws, civil commitment procedures and community notification statutes to confine and shame sex offenders. This paper shows these laws to be based on popular beliefs about the predatory nature of these men, the probability of their re-offense and their amenability to treatment rather than the facts about the sex offenses and offenders. The severe reaction to sexual offenders is a vindictive one based on myth and misunderstanding that serves many interests. The paper exposes the contradictory myths and skewed emotions that guide our view of sex crimes and compares these with the facts about re-offense rates and the effects of treatment. 相似文献
189.
Ana Paula Soares Ana P. Pinheiro Ana Costa Carla Sofia Frade Montserrat Comesaña Rita Pureza 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(4):1168-1181
In this study, we present the normative values of the adaptation of the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS-2; Bradley & Lang, 2007a) for European Portuguese (EP). The IADS-2 is a standardized database of 167 naturally occurring sounds that is widely used in the study of emotions. The sounds were rated by 300 college students who were native speakers of EP, in the three affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance, by using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). The aims of this adaptation were threefold: (1)?to provide researchers with standardized and normatively rated affective sounds to be used with an EP population; (2)?to investigate sex and cultural differences in the ratings of affective dimensions of auditory stimuli between EP and the American (Bradley & Lang, 2007a) and Spanish (Fernández-Abascal et al., Psicothema 20:104–113 2008; Redondo, Fraga, Padrón, & Piñeiro, Behavior Research Methods 40:784–790 2008) standardizations; and (3)?to promote research on auditory affective processing in Portugal. Our results indicated that the IADS-2 is a valid and useful database of digitized sounds for the study of emotions in a Portuguese context, allowing for comparisons of its results with those of other international studies that have used the same database for stimulus selection. The normative values of the EP adaptation of the IADS-2 database can be downloaded along with the online version of this article. 相似文献
190.