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151.
The words people use in their writing and speaking can serve as markers of personality. Computerized text analysis programs based on word counts represent a methodological strategy for obtaining linguistic information objectively and rapidly from diverse text samples. Several studies are summarized that point to particles or function words (e.g., pronouns, articles, and prepositions) as central determinants of linguistic styles. Particles exhibit solid psychometric properties and are related to measures of depression, social concerns, physical health, and, to a modest degree, traditional personality indices. Possible reasons for the psychological significance of particles are offered, and the challenges facing the linguistic approach to personality are considered. 相似文献
152.
Carla Bagnoli 《European Journal of Philosophy》2009,17(1):152-158
153.
Visual perspective taking research has established that chimpanzees recognize what others can or cannot see in the presence
of occluding barriers. Less is known about chimpanzees’ appreciation of what they themselves can or cannot see in similar
situations. Additionally, it is unclear whether chimpanzees must rely on others’ gaze cues to solve such tasks or whether
they have a more general appreciation of what can be seen from where. Hence, we investigated chimpanzees’ ability to anticipate
what they would or would not be able to see from different visual perspectives. Food was hidden among arrays of open containers,
with different containers providing visual access from unique viewing perspectives. Chimpanzees immediately adopted the correct
perspective for each container type. Follow-up experiments showed that they were not simply moving to align themselves with
visible openings. Our study thus suggests that chimpanzees have good visual perspective taking abilities with regard to themselves
as well as others, and that both likely reflect a more general knowledge, at least implicit, of what can be seen from where.
相似文献
Josep CallEmail: |
154.
Maaike E. Prangsma Carla A. M. van Boxtel Gellof Kanselaar Paul A. Kirschner 《The British journal of educational psychology》2009,79(2):371-387
Background History learning requires that students understand historical phenomena, abstract concepts and the relations between them. Students have problems grasping, using and relating complex historical developments and structures. Aims A study was conducted to determine the effects of tasks with abstract and/or concrete visualizations on the learning of historical developments and structures. The hypothesis was that students receiving visualizations would learn and retain more historical knowledge and concepts than those not receiving visualizations. Sample First‐year pupils in vocational middle school (N = 104) worked in randomly assigned pairs. Methods After reading a text, the pairs were given a learning task in one of four conditions: Textual, Concrete visualized, Abstract visualized, and Combined. Results Post‐test and retention test results showed no significant differences. There were some significant differences on the evaluation questionnaire. Conclusions Combining text and different types of visualizations in learning tasks does not necessarily enhance history learning. Possible explanations given are the ecological setting, the semiotics of the domain of history – that are not defined clearly – and the difficulty of unequivocally visualizing historical concepts. 相似文献
155.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in American women. Data are lacking from representative samples of total populations
on the association of risk factors for breast cancer and religiousness. The sixth cycle of the National Survey of Family Growth
(NSFG VI) included 3,766 women aged 30–44 years with complete data on self-reported religiousness, and selected breast cancer
risk factors. Of women in the analysis, 1,008 reported having four or more breast cancer risk factors. Women who never attended
services were over seven times more likely to report having four or more risk factors than those who attended more than weekly
(P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, nativity, education and marital status by logistic regression,
women who never attended services were still over six times more likely to report having four or more risk factors (P < 0.0001). The combination of frequent attendance at religious services, very high importance of religion in daily life,
and self-identification as a Protestant evangelical was particularly protective. Multiple dimensions of religiousness are
independently associated with multiple breast cancer risk factors. 相似文献
156.
The authors summarize the growing body of empirical research literature in the area of psychology of religion that has been guided by attachment theory and indicate implications for counseling, including practical suggestions for case conceptualization, possible spiritual interventions, and ethical guidelines for practice. Attachment theory provides a fertile framework whereby counselors may conceptualize the religious experiences of Christian clients whose spirituality involves the belief in and relationship with a personal God. 相似文献
157.
Views from Above the Glass Ceiling: Does the Academic Environment Influence Women Professors’ Careers and Experiences? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from 188 female full professors from all 14 Dutch universities this study examines whether skewed sex ratios in the environment and the absence of a women-friendly environment are related to their career path experiences and to their perception of the general ease of women’s obtaining a professorship. Results from multi-level analyses show a positive relationship between the perception of women-friendly environment and both the experience of their own career path, and the perceived ease with which other women could become a full professor. Moreover results show that the higher the percentage of women professors in the academic field the stronger the relationship between perception of women friendliness and the experienced ease with which they became a full professor. 相似文献
158.
A survey was sent to practicing therapists to investigate their uses of self-disclosure in counseling and psychotherapy. A total of 46% returned surveys, and most indicated that they used at least some self-disclosure in their work with clients. Overall, respondents reported disclosing about professional qualifications and experience most often and indicated that they disclosed mainly to increase similarity between themselves and clients. 相似文献
159.
Francine M. Deuisch Carla M. Zalenski Mary E. Clark 《Journal of applied social psychology》1986,16(9):771-785
Elderly and college-aged subjects rated photographs of both sexes at three different ages on 10 adjective rating scales. Evidence for a double standard of aging was obtained. Although both men and women were perceived to diminish in attractiveness as they aged, the decline for women was greater. Moreover, ratings of women's femininity decreased with increasing age, whereas evaluations of men's masculinity were unaffected by age. Unexpectedly, elderly subjects, as compared to college students, discriminated less on the basis of sex and evaluated women more positively. Changes in the gender roles of the elderly were invoked to explain their more favorable conceptions of women. 相似文献
160.