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901.
Two experiments were designed to demonstrate the existence of a self-fulfilling prophecy mediated by nonverbal behavior in an interracial interaction. The results of Experiment 1, which employed naive, white job interviewers and trained white and black job applicants, demonstrated that black applicants received (a) less immediacy, (b) higher rates of speech errors, and (c) shorter amounts of interview time. Experiment 2 employed naive, white applicants and trained white interviewers. In this experiment subject-applicants received behaviors that approximated those given either the black or white applicants in Experiment 1. The main results indicated that subjects treated like the blacks of Experiment 1 were judged to perform less adequately and to be more nervous in the interview situation than subjects treated like the whites. The former subjects also reciprocated with less proximate positions and rated the interviewers as being less adequate and friendly. The implications of these findings for black unemployment were discussed. 相似文献
902.
Carl E. Hansen 《Journal of Employment Counseling》1970,7(3):103-107
The training-employment vacuum cycle program suggests: (1) Take the underemployed, non-skilled worker, who has a feel for upward job mobility, and offer him the opportunities of our current job training programs. (2) Fill the job vacuum he creates by filling his job with a hard core unemployed individual. This will allow the unemployed individual immediate job gratification, fulfill his economic need and allow him to view work at an entry level position so he can judge from this vantage point the merits of further training. (3) After the unemployed individual has worked for a period of time the cycle would start over. He would then be offered training and another unemployed individual would be drawn into the vacated position. 相似文献
903.
The method of magnitude estimation was used to determine the psychophysical functions for three forms of subjective automobile speed. Observers experienced linear motion across the visual field, the approach motion of an oncoming car, and “en route” motion as a passenger. All three conditions resulted in power function relations between subjective speed and physical velocity. The respective exponents were 1.0, 1.35, and 1.40. Direct category estimates of en route speed were related linearly to physical velocity, but nonlinearly to subjective speed. 相似文献
904.
Carl Weinberg 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1968,46(9):852-857
This research describes the conceptual orientation of a sample of practicing school counselors and counselors in training. It looks specifically and comparatively at a set of competing approaches drawn from neo-Freudian and sociological thinking. The data suggest that counselors are influenced by both sets of ideas, but certain notions appear to predominate in specific hypothetical situations. 相似文献
905.
The semantic relationship between a prime and a target word has been shown to affect the speed at which the target word is processed. This series of experiments investigated how the semantic priming effect is influenced by the nature of the task performed on the prime word. Subjects were asked to perform either a naming or a letter-search task on the prime word and either a lexical-decision or color-naming task on the target word. When the primes were named, response times for the target words were facilitated in the lexical-decision task and inhibited in the color-naming task. However, these effects were eliminated or reduced to an insignificant level when the primes were searched for letters. We suggest that in order to produce the usual priming effect, the primes have to be processed for meaning rather than probed for constituents. 相似文献
906.
This article focuses on ways in which helping agents, including family therapists, become part of the problem they are treating. Particular emphasis is placed on triangular patterns that frequently develop when one agency involves another in carrying out its functions and in diffusing conflict with a client and his or her family. We refer to this process as an agency triangle. Case examples of such triangles involving various service systems (e.g., schools, courts, mental health centers) are presented, followed by discussion of how agency triangles can be prevented. 相似文献
907.
Carl E. McFarland Edward Duncan Jan Marie Bruno 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1983,36(3):413-428
Children from Grades 2, 3, 5, and 7 (7.6, 9, 11, and 13 years of age, respectively) were required to generate or study exemplars of semantic categories (semantic orientation) or rhymes to stimulus words (phonetic orientation). Each child then participated in one of three retention tests: free recall, standard recognition, and rhyme recognition. The results indicated that the developmental emergence of the “generation effect” (C. E. McFarland, Jr., T. J. Frey, & D. D. Rhodes, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1980, 19, 210–225; N. J. Slamecka & P. Graf, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1978, 4, 592–604) was dependent on both encoding orientation and the type of retention task employed. A substantial generation effect first emerged (7-year-olds) for standard recognition in the semantic condition. A similar effect for recall was evident for 9-year olds, but not for younger children. Internal stimulus generation became a strong memory facilitator for phonetically encoded items at age 11 for standard recognition, but not until age 13 for recall. The results of the rhyme recognition test indicated that internal generation facilitated “transfer-appropriate processing” (C. D. Morris, J. D. Bransford, & J. J. Franks, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1977, 16, 519–533) only for seventh graders (age 13). The processes underlying this developmental pattern were discussed. 相似文献
908.
Carl W. Liebert 《Journal of religion and health》1983,22(4):260-267
Typical macroallocation and microallocation paradigms of medical resources are discussed. Rather than strict polarization of these two aspects of resource allocation, a spectrum of positions is emphasized that supports approaching both extremes in the same fashion. Until now many have argued for a social value oriented system for macroallocation issues while choosing randomness or queuing for the opposite extreme. I do not believe that such a distinction can be morally supported but that a consistent approach to allocation of resources should be maintained. 相似文献
909.
Kathryn M Bartol Carl R Anderson Craig Eric Schneier 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1980,17(1):22-32
The present study reassesses trends in motivation to manage among college business students (N = 216). Motivation to manage scores are compared with J. B. Miner's (Personnel Psychology, 1974, 27, 605–613) results for three periods since the early 1960s, across two types of universities—public and private, and between males and females. Results indicate that the downward trend in motivation to manage scores appears to be reversing; business students at the private university scored higher on motivation to manage than those at the public university, and males scored higher than females. Implications for vocational research are discussed. 相似文献
910.
Carl A Ridley Leanne K Lamke Arthur W Avery Jan E Harrell 《Journal of research in personality》1982,16(3):335-342
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of a problem-solving skills training program on sex-role identity. It was hypothesized that individuals in a problem-solving skills training program would show greater movement toward androgyny relative to a control group. Twenty-six premarital couples were assigned to a problem-solving skills training program and 29 couples served as a contact control group. An analysis of covariance was performed on the Bem Scale masculine and feminine scores to test the effects of group and sex. Results indicated that the experimental group, as compared to the control group, was significantly higher on femininity following treatment. Discussion centered on the implications of being able to change sex-role identity as well as the need to further explore means of facilitating the development of androgyny in adults. 相似文献