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171.
Variability of the MAX and MIN Statistic: A Theory of the Quantile Spread as a Function of Sample Size 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The maximum and minimum of a sample from a probability distribution are extremely important random variables in many areas
of psychological theory, methodology, and statistics. For instance, the behavior of the mean of the maximum or minimum processing
time, as a function of the number of component random processing times (n), has been studied extensively in an effort to identify the underlying processing architecture (e.g., Townsend & Ashby, 1983;
Colonius & Vorberg, 1994). Little is known concerning how measures of variability of the maximum or minimum change with n. Here, a new measure of random variability, the quantile spread, is introduced, which possesses sufficient strength to define
distributional orderings and derive a number of results concerning variability of the maximum and the minimum statistics.
The quantile spread ordering may be useful in many venues. Several interesting open problems are pointed out.
This work was supported by an NIH Grant R01 MH57717 to the first author. Some of the collaboration took place during the year
2000 while J.T. Townsend was a Fellow at the Hanse Institute for Advanced Study (HWK), sponsored by H. Colonius at Oldenburg
University. 相似文献
172.
I look at a recent argument offered in defense of a doctrine which I will call generalized scientific essentialism. This is the doctrine according to which, not only are some facts about substance composition metaphysically necessary, but, in addition, some facts about substance behavior are metaphysically necessary. More specifically, so goes the argument, not only is water necessarily composed of H2O and salt is necessarily composed of NaCl, but, in addition, salt necessarily dissolves in water. If this argument is sound, and if the statement that necessarily salt dissolves in water is a statement of a law of nature, then one conclusion of the argument is that there is at least one metaphysically necessary law of nature. My paper examines the extent to which this kind of argument could be generalized to provide a case for a full-blown scientific essentialism: the doctrine according to which all of the laws of nature are necessary. Or, in terms of dispositions, it is the doctrine according to which natural kinds have all of their powers, capacities and propensities as a matter of necessity. 相似文献
173.
174.
Object Exploration and a Problem with Reductionism 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The purpose of this paper is to use neuroscientific evidence to address the philosophical issue of intertheoretic reduction.
In particular, we present a literature review and a new experiment to show that the reduction of cognitive psychology to neuroscience
is implausible. To make this case, we look at research using object exploration, an important experimental paradigm in neuroscience,
behavioral genetics and psychopharmacology. We show that a good deal of object exploration research is potentially confounded
precisely because it assumes that psychological generalizations can be reduced to neuroscientific ones. 相似文献
175.
176.
In this paper we present the syntax and semantics of a temporal action language named Alan, which was designed to model interactive multimedia presentations where the Markov property does not always hold. In general,
Alan allows the specification of systems where the future state of the world depends not only on the current state, but also on
the past states of the world. To the best of our knowledge, Alan is the first action language which incorporates causality with temporal formulas. In the process of defining the effect of
actions we define the closure with respect to a path rather than to a state, and show that the non-Markovian model is an extension
of the traditional Markovian model. Finally, we establish relationship between theories of Alan and logic programs. 相似文献
177.
The fixed point combinator (Y) is an important non-proper combinator, which is defhable from a combinatorially complete base. This combinator guarantees
that recursive equations have a solution. Structurally free logics (LC) turn combinators into formulas and replace structural rules by combinatory ones. This paper introduces the fixed point and
the dual fixed point combinator into structurally free logics. The admissibility of (multiple) cut in the resulting calculus is not provable by a simple adaptation of the similar proof for LC with proper combinators. The novelty of our proof—beyond proving the cut for a newly extended calculus–is that we add a fourth induction to the by-and-large Gentzen-style proof.
Presented by Robert Goldblatt 相似文献
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180.
The structural view of rational acceptance is a commitment to developing a logical calculus to express rationally accepted
propositions sufficient to represent valid argument forms constructed from rationally accepted formulas. This essay argues
for this project by observing that a satisfactory solution to the lottery paradox and the paradox of the preface calls for
a theory that both (i) offers the facilities to represent accepting less than certain propositions within an interpreted artificial
language and (ii) provides a logical calculus of rationally accepted formulas that preserves rational acceptance under consequence.
The essay explores the merit and scope of the structural view by observing that some limitations to a recent framework advanced
James Hawthorne and Luc Bovens are traced to their framework satisfying the first of these two conditions but not the second. 相似文献