排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 365 毫秒
131.
Amy L. Gentzler Amanda L. Wheat Cara A. Palmer Rebecca A. Burwell 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(2):305-317
We tested the hypothesis that less effective responses during a cognitive challenge would relate to higher levels of self-reported rumination in children. The sample was 100 children (55 boys, 45 girls), aged 7 to 14 years. A portion (n=65) was at high risk for depression due to having a parent with a childhood-onset mood disorder, and 35 were a low-risk comparison group. Using an impossible puzzle task, we assessed children's responses following failure across several domains: emotions (expressed anger, sadness, and negative self-statements), performance (being off-task, the time to solve subsequent puzzles, and the number solved), and physiology (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Results indicated that making negative self-blaming statements during the solvable puzzles and taking more time to solve the puzzles were associated with higher levels of self-reported rumination. Our findings advance the understanding of potential correlates of children's tendency to ruminate and may have implications for children's performance on cognitive tasks. 相似文献
132.
Cara DiYanni Deniela Nini Whitney Rheel Alicia Livelli 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(3):354-371
This study explores connections between 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds’ performance in theory-of-mind tasks, their performance on an assessment of selective trust, and their decisions to (not) imitate the questionable tool choices of an adult model. The prediction was that all the tasks would be related, with improvements in theory of mind and selective trust leading children to be less likely to imitate a model who could be construed as deceptive or unreliable. Controlling for age, we found a positive correlation between false-belief understanding and selective trust but no relation between theory of mind and tool choices. Unexpectedly, children who were more discriminatory in their trust were more likely to imitate. Possible explanations for children's reasoning are discussed. 相似文献
133.
Jared Kenworthy Cara Fay Mark Frame Robyn Petree 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(2):94-105
This meta‐analysis examined the relationship between emotional dissonance and burnout. We collected 57 independent samples that included self‐report measures of emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion from 16,165 employees. As predicted, a reliable relationship (r = .34) between the two variables was found, indicating that employees who “fake” their emotions at work also suffer from emotional exhaustion, a key component of job burnout. Moderation analyses indicate that effect sizes strengthen as an increasing function of publication year, and are strongest in police work, compared with other service job types. As predicted from a gender role perspective, effect sizes are more pronounced as the percentage of women increases in a sample. Results suggest that emotional dissonance may be added to the growing list of job stressors that lead to emotional exhaustion. 相似文献
134.
Accounting for both bidirectional and interactive effects between parenting and child temperament can fine-tune theoretical
models of the role of parenting and temperament in children’s development of adjustment problems. Evidence for bidirectional
and interactive effects between parenting and children’s characteristics of frustration, fear, self-regulation, and impulsivity
was reviewed, and an overall model of children’s individual differences in response to parenting is proposed. In general,
children high in frustration, impulsivity and low in effortful control are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative
parenting, while in turn, many negative parenting behaviors predict increases in these characteristics. Frustration, fearfulness,
and effortful control also appear to elicit parenting behaviors that can predict increases in these characteristics. Irritability
renders children more susceptible to negative parenting behaviors. Fearfulness operates in a very complex manner, sometimes
increasing children’s responses to parenting behaviors and sometimes mitigating them and apparently operating differently
across gender. Important directions for future research include the use of study designs and analytic approaches that account
for the direction of effects and for developmental changes in parenting and temperament over time. 相似文献
135.
Diane L. Gill Yu-Kai Chang Karen M. Murphy Kathryn M. Speed Cara C. Hammond Enid A. Rodriguez MinJeong Lyu Ya-Ting Shang 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(2):181-200
Despite the clear relationship of physical activity and quality of life (QoL), QoL measures are seldom targeted for physical
activity and health promotion. The current research attempted to address that gap by developing a QoL measure based on a conceptual
model that reflects positive health and is relevant for physical activity and health promotion programs. In the project, which
extended over three phases, an initial 70-item QoL survey was administered to university students and community program participants
(total n = 512) along with measures of satisfaction with life and physical activity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses
revealed clear social, emotional, cognitive, physical, spiritual and functional (ADL) QoL factors as well as integrated QoL.
The resulting 32-item QoL Survey fits the conceptual model, demonstrates logical relationships with physical activity and
has sufficient psychometric properties for use in related research and health promotion programs. 相似文献
136.
We present two experiments exploring whether individuals would be persuaded to imitate the intentional action of an adult model whose actions suggest that the correct way to complete a task is with an inefficient tool. In Experiment 1, children ages 5–10 years and a group of adults watched an adult model reject an efficient tool in favor of one that was inefficient, but claim it was “made for” the task. Results indicated low rates of imitation of the model’s intentional choice until 9 and 10 years of age. In Experiment 2, children ages 3–11 years again watched a model reject a functional tool in favor of a nonfunctional one. This time, the demonstration took place on video. For half of the participants, the model from the video was present to offer a choice between the two tools (high-pressure condition), and for the other half, she was absent (low-pressure condition). Children also completed a social desirability questionnaire to explore relationships between imitation choices and personality. Results indicated that rates of imitation were associated with higher scores on the social desirability scale among children ages 3–7 years. Among 8- to 11-year-olds – and especially among 9- and 10-year-olds – the decision to copy the model’s intentional choice was more likely when the model was present than when she was absent. The findings reveal the contributions of age, personality, and social pressure to differences in imitation. 相似文献
137.
Laura A. Novak MS MPS Jessica M. LaCroix PhD Kanchana U. Perera MSc Max Stivers MA Natasha A. Schvey PhD Jeffrey L. Goodie PhD ABPP Cara Olsen PhD Tracy Sbrocco PhD David B. Goldston PhD Alyssa Soumoff MD Jennifer Weaver MD Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2023,53(1):75-88
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139.
James A. Naifeh PhD Robert J. Ursano MD Ronald C. Kessler PhD Pablo A. Aliaga MS Holly B. Herberman Mash PhD Carol S. Fullerton PhD Tsz Hin Hinz Ng MPH Hieu M. Dinh BS Oscar I. Gonzalez PhD Cara M. Stokes PhD Gary H. Wynn MD Tzu-Cheg Kao PhD Nancy A. Sampson BA Murray B. Stein MD MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2020,50(2):345-358