句法加工的脑机制

语言理解中,句法加工至关重要,它把各个意义单元以不同的方式整合起来,从而形成整体的意义表征。句法加工的脑机制是心理语言学比较关注的问题,目前由于ERP技术和功能成像技术的进步,使对这一机制的探讨成为可能。该文对有关句法加工的脑机制的研究进行了回顾与总结,并针对目前该领域存在的问题与争论进行了讨论     

论公民身份的二重性

公民的概念和公民身份理论是当代政治、社会和法律理论领域中的核心概念,近些年逐渐成为了中国学界关注的理论焦点之一,而对公民身份的基本内涵和属性却缺乏相应深入的研究和了解.本文从内在逻辑和演进脉络两个方面入手,讨论了公民身份本身固有的三对矛盾统一体即二重性,即民族性与世界性,权利性与责任性,私人性与公共性.相信通过对公民身份二重性的充分认识,对于培养"好公民"、构建社会主义和谐社会有着重要的参照和借鉴作用.     

Hippocampal long-term potentiation, memory, and longevity in mice that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

Superoxide has been shown to be critically involved in several pathological manifestations of aging animals. In contrast, superoxide also can act as a signaling molecule to modulate signal transduction cascades required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2 or Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide. Thus, SOD-2 may not only prevent aging-related oxidative stress, but may also regulate redox signaling in young animals. We used transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-2 to study the role of mitochondrial superoxide in aging, synaptic plasticity, and memory-associated behavior. We found that overexpression of SOD-2 had no obvious effect on synaptic plasticity and memory formation in young mice, and could not rescue the age-related impairments in either synaptic plasticity or memory in old mice. However, SOD-2 overexpression did decrease mitochondrial superoxide in hippocampal neurons, and extended the lifespan of the mice. These findings increase our knowledge of the role of mitochondrial superoxide in physiological and pathological processes in the brain.     

多重情绪智力量表(MEIS)的信度、结构效度及应用评价研究

对多重情绪智力量表（MEIS）的信度和结构效度进行了实证检验,结果发现,MEIS的内部一致性信度（a）系数偏低,各分量表的分半信度系数很低;MEIS总量表的结构效度明显不足,对七个分量表的因素分析结果显示,每个维度对总量表的贡献率很低;无法满足Mayer和Salovey情绪智力4维度理论框架。对4个维度逐一进行二阶因素分析结果均揭示,MEIS明显缺乏每个维度所设定的4因素的结构效度,项目效率明显不足,因此,MEIS尚不具备有效测量情绪智力的功能。     

教师组织公民行为与学校效能的关系研究

采用自编教师组织公民行为问卷和我国台湾学者陈信君编制的学校效能问卷,对301名中小学教师进行问卷调查。结果表明：①高级职称教师的组织公民行为高于低级职称教师;②省一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于市一级学校教师,而市一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于区一级学校教师;③教师组织公民行为与学校效能之间存在着显著的正相关;④教师组织公民行为的学校认同、责任意识和利他行为因素对学校效能有着显著的预测作用。     

儿童理解误信念的心理机制假设

儿童心理理论是近20年来发展心理学研究热点,对其研究主要是在误信念实验范式之下进行的。儿童理解误信念的心理机制问题是误信念研究的核心问题之一,研究者从不同的角度出发,采用不同的方法,提出了儿童如何理解误信念的几个重要假设,包括：元表征假设、事实掩盖假设、心理理论机制假设、计算资源假设。此文综述了这些假设,以期借鉴使用。     

无名、无功、无己与庄子的审美人格

庄子所追求的审美人格,有一个从“有待”而“无待”的转变,一个从逻辑层面、实践层面向审美层面的递升,也是庄子以“无名”超越理性与价值,以“无功”超越功利,以“无己”回归“神人以和”的审美境界的过程。     

Controllable electron-momentum filter in a δ-doped magnetically modulated semiconductor nanostructure

ABSTRACT

We have theoretically investigated the control of wave-vector filtering (WVF) by introducing δ-doping into a magnetically modulated nanostructure fabricated by depositing ferromagnetic stripes on top and bottom of a GaAs/Al_xGa_{1 ?x}As heterostructure. With the help of an improved transfer matrix method, the Schrödinger equation for electrons in this semiconductor nanostructure is solved exactly and the transmission efficient calculated numerically. We demonstrate that the WVF efficiency is associated closely with the weight and position of the δ-doping, which may be helpful for designing a controllable electron-momentum filter based on such a magnetically modulated semiconductor nanostructure.     

Infiltration behaviour of water in a carbon nanotube under external pressure

The wetting behaviour and associated pressure effect of water in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that water molecules can enter SWCNTs via surface diffusion, and the effective infiltration rate increases with pressure. The effect of pressure on infiltration rate is highly non-linear, exhibiting characteristics of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. There exists a nominal infiltration pressure that is dependent on the SWCNT size, above which the water flux is significantly increased.     

Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin solution of cut-off frequency for horizontal shear (SH) waves in various inhomogeneous thin films

The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is employed to study the cut-off frequencies of the horizontal shear waves in a freestanding functionally graded piezoelectric–piezomagnetic material film with the electrically and magnetically open boundary conditions. An analytical solution, which could be used in analyzing the problems of various functionally graded materials, is proven to have high precision by analytical analysis and a numerical example. The results reveal that the set of cut-off frequencies is a series of approximate arithmetic progressions. A theoretical foundation based on the relationship between the cut-off frequencies and the materials’ gradient property is established for nondestructive evaluation.