国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示

本文简要概括国内主观幸福感研究中涉及的研究要素及惯用的研究方法,指出了研究中存在调查研究多干预研究少,横断研究多纵贯研究少及没能提出相应中国化的主观幸福感理论等问题;简要对国外幸福感研究中的幸福感理论加以概括并重新归类;概括出幸福感研究中测量手段多样化、研究设计科学化、研究领域扩大化、理论构建严谨化等趋势以及对国内幸福感基础理论研究的客观深化及关注层次的提升等借鉴意义。     

互联网成瘾者内隐网络态度及其干预研究

内隐互联网态度是个体对网络内隐的、自动化的心理倾向。研究发现,网络成瘾者持有对互联网积极评价的内隐态度．这种评价可以通过阈下评价性条件反射技术有效改变．通过对IAT、效应的考察表明,网络成瘾者内隐态度具有稳定性和易变化性特点,内隐矛盾态度(AIA)可能是提供解决该问题的整合性视角。     

Associations between sexual sensation seeking and AIDS-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among young men who have sex with men in China

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have become high risk groups for HIV infection in China. Recent researches suggest that sexual sensation seeking is significantly associated with AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, but the relationship is not clear in the field of YMSM in China. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sexual sensation seeking and AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among YMSM in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from May to November 2013. 403 YMSM were recruited and 373 of them completed the questionnaire. Regression analyses indicated that YMSM with high sexual sensation seeking score are more likely to have low awareness of knowledge and negative attitude about condom use, as well as more risky sexual behaviors.     

Temporal and spectral dynamics underlying cognitive control modulated by task-irrelevant stimulus-response learning

Behavioral and recent neuroimaging findings have shown reversal of interference effects due to manipulating proportion congruency (PC), which suggests that task-irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations are strengthened and applied to predict responses. However, it is unclear how the strengthened S-R associations are represented and applied in the brain. We investigated with a between-subjects PC paradigm of the Hedge and Marsh task using electroencephalography (EEG). The behavioral results showed the reversal of the conflict effects, suggesting that task-irrelevant S-R associations were strengthened and used to prepare responses. The EEG results revealed the PC-related reversal of the conflict effects in the frontocentral N2 and parietal P3b amplitudes. Time-frequency analyses showed more pronounced PC-related reversal of the conflict effects in theta band (4–8 Hz) activity in frontocentral sites. These results suggest that the strengthened S-R associations due to PC manipulation modulated cognitive control. Importantly, the amplitude of lateralized readiness potential was higher in the high-PC condition than in the low-PC condition, suggesting that the strengthened short-term-memory spatial S-R associations that modulated cognitive control were applied similarly to long-term-memory spatial S-R associations.     

意识特性的理论框架

G．M．Edelman和唐孝威在2003年初分别发表了关于意识特性理论框架的论文和专著。通过对两位学者提出的意识特性理论进行比较后发现,他们对脑功能活动机理以及神经信息加工的动态整合过程认识竟非常相近、对意识本质理论的描述也非常吻合。他们的研究表明了脑科学研究的物理学方向：随着脑成像技术的发展,从中可以获取丰富的脑神经信息,可以从系统层面上建立表征脑复杂性的数学物理模型,辨识脑神经各部分之间的关联作用,研究脑神经信息的整合过程。     

分类的样例观及其研究进展

分类研究近年来已成为认知科学研究的一个重点,样例观是基于相似性表征的,自从产生以来获得了很大发展。该文对于样例观及其近年来出现的样例模型进行了比较全面的介绍,然后介绍了心理学界针对样例观的争论,最后提出各种分类模型的整合是未来样例观的发展趋势。     

Adaptation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) for Vietnam

Intelligence testing is used for many purposes including identification of children for proper educational placement (e.g., children with learning disabilities, or intellectually gifted students), and to guide education by identifying cognitive strengths and weaknesses so that teachers can adapt their instructional style to students’ specific learning styles. Most of the research involving intelligence tests has been conducted in highly developed Western countries Yet the need for intelligence testing is as or even more important in developing countries. The present study, conducted through the Vietnam National University Clinical Psychology CRISP Center, focused on the cultural adaptation of the WISC-IV intelligence test for Vietnam. We report on (a) the adaptation process including the translation, cultural analysis and modifications involved in adaptation, (b) present results of two pilot studies, and (c) describe collection of the standardization sample and results of analyses with the standardization sample, with the goal of sharing our experience with other researchers who may be involved in or interested in adapting or developing IQ tests for non-Western, non-English speaking cultures.     

高中生学习策略调查研究

用自编量表调查了一所重点高中和一所普通高中2658名学生的学习策略状况。因素分析结果显示:高中生学习策略可用一个三层次结构的图式表征,最概括的顶层为主导性和辅助性两大策略群;中间层次为学习态度调整、学习行为管理、学习方法运用、学习环境适应、课外活动调控等五大策略亚群;基层次为良好的学习心态,积极合理规划学习生活,预习和复习总结,营造学习的人际环境,劳逸结合、丰富课余生活等19项策略子群。重点高中学生、成绩好的学生、年级高的学生,在主导性策略方面存在优势,主要体现在学习态度调整和学习方法运用这2个策略亚群上。在学习策略的性别差异上,男生更善于营造学习的人际环境、运用学习行为管理方面的策略,而女生则更注重学习方法运用的策略。     

Use of three depression scales for evaluation of pretreatment severity and of improvement after treatment

We investigated the Castilian Spanish versions of three scales (the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Carroll Rating Scale for Depression, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) as to their suitability for classifying major depression patients in four levels of severity prior to treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, and also as to their suitability for classifying these patients in four improvement levels when administered posttreatment. Although the scales behaved quite similarly, each was most efficient at the task for which it had been designed, i.e., severity rating for the Hamilton and Carroll scales, improvement rating for the Montgomery-Asberg scale.     

Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Network and Sensorimotor Network in Relapsing–Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychology Review - Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be associated with disability and cognitive impairment, but previous studies have sometimes had discordant...