发生学意义上的汉民族宗教渊源

经民族学与宗教学双重比较研究发现,不像其他民族、宗教,汉族及其宗教都是很难说清的,即不仅汉族的族源问题与特征问题难以说清,而且汉族的宗教认同也远比其他民族宗教难以说清。在学界,很少有人把汉族与汉族宗教联系起来。但从民族与宗教的相互关系视角,能够更好探明二者的渊源。用宗教阐释汉族的渊源,能使人豁然开朗。汉族的族性与汉族的宗教性是互为因果的,汉族的先民创造了独特的多元宗教信仰,多元宗教反过来造就了后来汉族的多元文化属性,使其能够吸收更多周边民族的精华,变成更大更为多元的民族,这是汉族能够成为世界第一大民族的根本原因之一。汉族及其宗教根源在于早期汉族并未塑造创世说,造成上古时代创世说的空白,对汉族宗教产生和发展都产生了深远影响。为此,本文探讨的重点问题是汉族发生学意义上的宗教渊源。     

“体用”范式下现代权利观念的塑造——基于社群主义与儒家思想的整合

为更好地结合社群主义与儒家思想塑造现代权利观念,必须首先为儒家权利观念的存在辩护。当然,儒家权利观念有其独特之处,这主要体现在等级性与伦理性两个方面。虽然儒家权利观念有别于社群主义权利观所具有的平等性、普遍性和政治性,但却不能由此就对其加以否定。有鉴于社群主义与儒家思想之间既有契合之处,也有内在分歧,而且对当前社会所遇到的现代性危机而言,儒家学说有助于从本质上对其进行剖析和反思,所以权利观念的现代化构造不妨采取"儒家思想为体、社群主义为用"的基本模式,从而实现对社群主义与儒家思想的有效整合。     

酒后操作性认知的“近视”和“远视”效应

15名被试在摄人酒精BAL≤0．5‰前后的四个时段内接受一套简单的运算操作任务,近2／3被试的认知一操作能力显示受酒精影响发生变异：酒后30分钟操作时间延滞,至60分钟更具显著性;同时,操作错误亦大幅上升,但变化趋势不同于操作时间。酒精干扰呈现认知“近视”与“远视”的迹象。     

Reasoning about Sensing Actions in Domains with Multi-Valued Fluents

In this paper, we discuss the weakness of current action languages for sensing actions with respect to modeling domains with multi-valued fluents. To address this problem, we propose a language with sensing actions and multi-valued fluents, called AM_K, provide a transition function based semantics for the language, and demonstrate its use through several examples from the literature. We then define the entailment relationship between action theories and queries in AM_K, denoted by ⊧AM_K, and discuss some properties about AM_K.     

初中词汇理解能力量表的编制

应用项目反应理论为初中各年级编制了词汇理解能力的测验,其中包含了１４３个多项选择的词汇项目,经过反复预测和大规模的正式测试,证关了这三个测验的量表拟全于２ＰＬ模型,项目特征曲线拟合度良好的项目占全体项目数９０％以上,能力的一维性也得以确认,经等值化后,各年级的区分度均值分别为０．６１（初一）,０．５９（初二）,０．５５（初三）难度均值分别为－１．６１,－１．３０,－０．５６。     

歧视知觉与心理健康的关系:基于中国留守儿童的元分析

研究以心理健康双因素模型为视角,运用元分析技术梳理了留守儿童歧视知觉与积极和消极心理健康的关系,并探究了影响其关系的调节变量。通过文献检索与筛选,共27篇中英文文献,56个独立样本纳入元分析,包含被试17146名。结果显示,歧视知觉与积极心理健康指标呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.298),与消极心理健康指标呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.365)。调节效应分析发现,留守儿童歧视知觉与积极心理健康的关系受到歧视知觉测量工具的影响,与消极心理健康的关系受到歧视知觉测量工具、学龄段以及消极结果类型的影响。同时,元回归分析发现,文献年份对歧视知觉与积极心理健康指标关系的调节效应显著; 性别对歧视知觉与积极和消极心理健康关系的调节作用均不显著。研究结果进一步明确了留守儿童歧视知觉与积极和消极心理健康的关系,为探索提升留守儿童心理社会适应的新路径提供了借鉴。     

Serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype is associated with intrusion and avoidance symptoms of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Chinese earthquake survivors

Background and Objectives: Prior studies have found that the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) interacts with trauma exposure to increase general risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there is little knowledge about the effects of the interaction on distinct symptom clusters of PTSD. This study aimed to investigate the relation between the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and earthquake-related exposures and a contemporary phenotypic model of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in a traumatised adult sample from China.

Design: A cross-sectional design with gene-environment interaction (G?×?E) approach was adopted. Methods: Participants were 1131 survivors who experienced 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was genotyped with capillary electrophoresis (CE) in ABI 3730xl genetic Analyzer.

Results: Although there was no significant interaction between 5-HTTLPR and traumatic exposure on total PTSD symptoms, respondents with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were highly exposed to the earthquake experienced lower intrusion and avoidance symptoms than those with the S-allele carriers.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the 5-HTTLPR may have an important impact on the development of PTSD and add to the extant knowledge on understanding and treating of posttraumatic psychopathology.     

Item frequency in probe-recognition memory search: Converging evidence for a role of item-response learning

In short-term probe-recognition tasks, observers make speeded old–new recognition judgments for items that are members of short lists. However, long-term memory (LTM) for items from previous lists influences current-list performance. The current experiment pursued the nature of these long-term influences—in particular, whether they emerged from item-familiarity or item-response-learning mechanisms. Subjects engaged in varied-mapping (VM) and consistent-mapping (CM) short-term probe-recognition tasks (e.g., Schneider & Shiffrin, Psychological Review, 84, 1–66, 1977). The key manipulation was to vary the frequency with which individual items were presented across trials. We observed a striking dissociation: Whereas increased presentation frequency led to benefits in performance for both old and new test probes in CM search, it resulted in interference effects for both old and new test probes in VM search. Formal modeling suggested that a form of item-response learning took place in both conditions: Each presentation of a test probe led to the storage of that test probe—along with its associated “old” or “new” response—as an exemplar in LTM. These item-response pairs were retrieved along with current-list items in driving observers’ old-– recognition judgments. We conclude that item-response learning is a core component of the LTM mechanisms that influence CM and VM memory search.     

The Historical Effect of Habermas in the Chinese Context: A Case Study of the Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere

The main purpose of this essay is not to give a full-scale and systematic exploration of the historical process concerning the acceptance of Habermas’ works in the Chinese-spoken world but to examine the historical effect of Habermas in the Chinese-spoken context and try to find a proper way to establish a good relationship between Habermas and the Chinese-spoken world by discussing the introduction, study, and application of Habermas’ most famous work, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, by Chinese scholars in recent years. Translated from Xiandai zhexue, 2005:1