Testing Group Mean Differences of Latent Variables in Multilevel Data Using Multiple-Group Multilevel CFA and Multilevel MIMIC Modeling

Considering that group comparisons are common in social science, we examined two latent group mean testing methods when groups of interest were either at the between or within level of multilevel data: multiple-group multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MG ML CFA) and multilevel multiple-indicators multiple-causes modeling (ML MIMIC). The performance of these methods were investigated through three Monte Carlo studies. In Studies 1 and 2, either factor variances or residual variances were manipulated to be heterogeneous between groups. In Study 3, which focused on within-level multiple-group analysis, six different model specifications were considered depending on how to model the intra-class group correlation (i.e., correlation between random effect factors for groups within cluster). The results of simulations generally supported the adequacy of MG ML CFA and ML MIMIC for multiple-group analysis with multilevel data. The two methods did not show any notable difference in the latent group mean testing across three studies. Finally, a demonstration with real data and guidelines in selecting an appropriate approach to multilevel multiple-group analysis are provided.     

Poly‐victimization and executive functions in junior college students

This study sought to characterize executive dysfunctions in poly‐victimized students without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral rating measures of executive functions (EFs). Based on self‐report data of exposure to victimization and PTSD symptoms, 259 junior college students aged 18–21 years were classified into four groups: poly‐victimization with PTSD symptoms (PVP), poly‐victimization without PTSD symptoms (PVnP), non‐poly‐victimization (nPV), and non‐victimization (nV). Respondents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Adult Version (BRIEF‐A). Of the 259 participants, 131 were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). The PVP group and the PVnP group performed worse than the nV group on most BRIEF‐A scales. When compared with the nPV group, the PVP group demonstrated poorer performance on the scales of Inhibit, Shift, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory, while the PVnP group performed more poorly on the Working Memory scale and the Task Monitor scale. For all BRIEF‐A scales, no significant differences were detected between the PVP group and the PVnP group. This study showed no between‐group differences for most of the neuropsychological tests except for the Stop Signal Task (SST), and no correlations between these two measures of EFs. Overall, we found evidence of an association between deficits in EFs and poly‐victimization. Although our study raises questions about the relationship between these two measures of EFs, it suggests that the use of the BRIEF‐A in conjunction with the CANTAB provides a more complete assessment of the executive dysfunctions.     

伦理学的新维度:道德困境中的三类道德难题

当代社会的发展尤其是科学技术的发展,给人类存在的各种关系都带来了深刻的变化,产生了很多具有道德歧义性的社会难题,出现了前所未有的道德困境.传统的伦理学理论和道德规范体系难以适应这种变化,也难以为解决这些道德难题,走出道德困境,提供一个合理的理论指引和现实的解决方案.由此,以研究和解决道德难题为基本使命的应用伦理学便应运而生.     

柏拉图与亚里士多德正义观之辨析

正义之维在社会中的凸显,并非始于现代,古希腊著名的思想家柏拉图和亚里士多德都创立了各具特色的正义理论.他们的正义思想不仅迥异纷呈,而且也具共同性及内在关联性.     

A critique of social radicalism: The debate between the Neo-Left and Liberalism

Compared with another founder of philosophical anthropology Max Scheler, Plessner is desolated by Chinese academe. His works have not been translated into Chinese systematically, and there are few articles about his life and thoughts. The reasons for this are complicated, but the most important point of these is that Plessner has paid most of his attention to the German problems. However, Plessner’s thought, especially his critique of social radicalism, enlightens us a lot. Plessner’s critique of modernity stimulates us to think about the controversy which broke out between New Left-wingers and Liberalists in the late 20^th century and to discern the common ground between the two parties: Radicalism.     

国外主观幸福感研究的理论概化及进展启示

本文简要概括国内主观幸福感研究中涉及的研究要素及惯用的研究方法,指出了研究中存在调查研究多干预研究少,横断研究多纵贯研究少及没能提出相应中国化的主观幸福感理论等问题;简要对国外幸福感研究中的幸福感理论加以概括并重新归类;概括出幸福感研究中测量手段多样化、研究设计科学化、研究领域扩大化、理论构建严谨化等趋势以及对国内幸福感基础理论研究的客观深化及关注层次的提升等借鉴意义。     

惩罚对学习时间分配中决策与绩效的影响*

学习时间分配中的学习决策及其如何影响后续学习绩效是学习心理研究的重要领域。但对惩罚学习条件下,学习者是如何调整学习策略的,以及这种调整与后续学习绩效之间的关系尚不明确。本研究发现,奖励和惩罚条件下,参与者都会更多地选择高分的项目进行学习。在学习时间分配上,奖励组和惩罚组都倾向于将时间更多地分配到困难和高分的项目。但惩罚条件下参与者对低分项目的选择比例显著低于奖励条件,这表明惩罚影响学习者的学习策略。而且惩罚条件也影响低分且容易项目的学习效率。有趣的是,奖励和惩罚虽然对学习策略产生影响,却对学习绩效影响不显著,这表明在不同的学习条件下,不同的学习策略可以获得相似的学习成绩。     

互联网成瘾者内隐网络态度及其干预研究

内隐互联网态度是个体对网络内隐的、自动化的心理倾向。研究发现,网络成瘾者持有对互联网积极评价的内隐态度．这种评价可以通过阈下评价性条件反射技术有效改变．通过对IAT、效应的考察表明,网络成瘾者内隐态度具有稳定性和易变化性特点,内隐矛盾态度(AIA)可能是提供解决该问题的整合性视角。