婚姻承诺与婚姻质量的关系:夫妻牺牲行为的中介作用

婚姻承诺和婚姻质量的关系近年来是婚姻研究领域关注的重要课题。承诺是保持婚姻的意愿,会导致婚姻中牺牲行为的产生。然而,承诺和牺牲对婚姻质量的影响至今并没有得到一致结论。那么,承诺对婚姻质量影响的不一致是否是因为牺牲所起作用的不一致导致?以往研究并没有得到探讨。为此,从北京选取389对夫妻,采用夫妻独立作答的方式,对他们的婚姻承诺,牺牲行为和婚姻质量进行测查,以探讨婚姻承诺、牺牲与婚姻质量的关系,以及牺牲在婚姻承诺和婚姻质量关系间的作用。结果发现:(1)丈夫对婚姻承诺和婚姻质量的感知显著高于妻子;并且丈夫比妻子报告有更多的"行动服务"上的牺牲行为。(2)夫妻的婚姻承诺对自身牺牲频率和婚姻质量均有显著预测作用,同时妻子的婚姻承诺还对丈夫的婚姻质量有显著预测作用。(3)丈夫的牺牲频率在丈夫婚姻承诺对自身婚姻质量的影响中起着完全中介作用。同时,丈夫的牺牲频率也能显著预测妻子感知到的婚姻质量,而妻子的牺牲频率在本身对双方的婚姻质量均无直接或间接的预测作用。说明丈夫的牺牲行为对婚姻关系有非常重要的作用。     

Depression and anxiety correlate with disease-related characteristics and quality of life in Chinese patients with gout: a case-control study

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and investigate the potential risk factors for depression and anxiety in Chinese gout patients. A self-report survey was administered to 226 gout patients and 232 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Patients were asked to complete a set of standardized self-report questionnaires. Univariate and mutiple regression were used to analyze the data. We found 15.0% of gout patients had depression, and 5.3% had anxiety. After adjusted demographic variables, the prevalence of depression was significantly higher than the healthy controls (6.0%). There were significant correlations among education, total pain, disease duration, stage of gout, functional disability, number of tophi, number of flares/last year, presence of tender joints, nephropathy comorbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychological status. Meanwhile, logistic regression analysis identified number of tophi, functional disability, and mental component summary (MCS) as predictors of depression in gout patients. Education and MCS were significantly accounted for anxiety. In summary, the prevalence of depressive symptoms among gout patients was higher than healthy individuals. Education, disability, tophi and HRQoL were important risk factors linked to depression/anxiety in Chinese gout population.     

Mainland Chinese students’ self-appraisals of their psychological dispositions at school

This paper reports mainland Chinese students’ self-appraisals about their psychological dispositions whilst at school. Increasing interest has turned to factors such as resilience, wellbeing, flourishing, happiness and satisfaction, which in turn are predicted to be associated with factors such as emotional stability, achieving personal goals, social fulfilment and quality of life. Such psychological dispositions are developed in conjunction with the influences of social systems such as schools. Although a number of researchers have collaborated with schools to investigate students’ dispositions in English speaking countries, similar research in mainland China is in its infancy. This is particularly the case for studies that seek students’ own perspectives. We administered a questionnaire about resilience, flourishing, wellbeing, self-concept, school satisfaction, mental health, and happiness at school to 2756 students in Years 5–9 in mainland China. As expected with a non-clinical population, most students reported positively across the various scales. However, dividing the sample into subgroups enabled the creation of stratified visual profiles that showed significant differences between students with different backgrounds, such as gender, age, and mental health. This study illustrates the importance of subgroup analyses to identify potential areas of concern for different types of students, which in turn may inform differentiated school-based intervention programs to support students to flourish.     

Transverse shear surface wave in a functionally graded material infinite half space

The variable substitution and power-series techniques are used for the asymptotic analytical derivation of the governing equation of a transverse surface wave. The results reveal that the transverse wave can propagate along the surface of a functionally graded infinite half space in various modes, and that their dispersion relations are normal. For certain cases, energy is concentrated on the surface region to a depth of several wavelengths. A new theoretical foundation based on the transverse surface wave can be provided for graded-material characterization by experimental measurement. Some phenomena of seismic wave propagation may also be explained.     

论明代天师道之符箓

符箓是天师道的主要活动方式和重要的修持法术之一;明代帝王认为天师道能化导民俗,故命天师传符箓;史籍亦有不少关于符箓灵验、诸帝受箓及禁止伪造符箓的记载;明代帝王对符箓的态度,对天师道的影响甚大。     

学龄儿童不同层次情绪理解发展及其与同伴接纳的关系

采用情绪理解测验和同伴提名法,探讨7-11岁儿童情绪理解层次发展及其与同伴接纳的关系。结果发现,儿童情绪理解随年龄增长而发展,情绪理解层次发展早晚存在差异,混合情绪和道德情绪理解发展最晚。被拒绝和被忽视儿童的情绪理解测验总分显著低于受欢迎、一般型和矛盾型儿童,矛盾型儿童的总分显著低于受欢迎儿童,他们的情绪调节、混合情绪及道德情绪理解得分也各有差异,表明同伴接纳是学龄儿童情绪理解层次发展的影响因素之一。     

The brain is not single-minded about inflectional morphology: A response to the commentaries

Jaeger is supportive of our experiment and the claims we make, arguing that the weight of current evidence shows the brain making a distinction between regular and irregular inflectional morphology. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen are unsupportive, criticizing our work on theoretical and methodological grounds. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen’s major worries—that we have misunderstood connectionist theory’s predictions and have committed a “Difficulty Matching Error” in testing them—are important to consider but turn out to be groundless. At bottom, Seidenberg & Arnoldussen fail to recognize the consequences of our choice of German words, rather than English, as stimuli. Once the concept of “difficulty” is given substance in this context, it appears that in German, the brain activates more extensively when dealing with what in the connectionist universe should be, if anything, the easier stimuli, not the harder ones as suggested by Seidenberg & Arnoldussen. Thus regularity cannot be reduced to difficulty.     

由明成祖拒纳“祥瑞”所引起的几点思考

所谓“祥瑞”,就是吉祥的征兆。在古代社会里“祥瑞”往往和一些罕见的自然现象(如天降甘露,野蚕结茧等)联系在一起。在上古时期,这主要是因为科学不发达,先民们对于自然界的认知有限。到了西汉时期,董仲舒为了适应“大一统”的政治需要,对传统的儒家学说进行了进一步的发展,提出了“天人感应”学说,把这种自然现象赋予了神秘主义色彩。他认为皇帝的权力是上天所授,如果皇帝英明,治理国家有方,那么上天就会降下“祥瑞”以示嘉奖;反之,则会降下灾异以示警告。到了东汉,谶纬之学兴盛,这就为“祥瑞”的大量出现提供了理论上的依据。历史上有好…