The brain is not single-minded about inflectional morphology: A response to the commentaries

Jaeger is supportive of our experiment and the claims we make, arguing that the weight of current evidence shows the brain making a distinction between regular and irregular inflectional morphology. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen are unsupportive, criticizing our work on theoretical and methodological grounds. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen’s major worries—that we have misunderstood connectionist theory’s predictions and have committed a “Difficulty Matching Error” in testing them—are important to consider but turn out to be groundless. At bottom, Seidenberg & Arnoldussen fail to recognize the consequences of our choice of German words, rather than English, as stimuli. Once the concept of “difficulty” is given substance in this context, it appears that in German, the brain activates more extensively when dealing with what in the connectionist universe should be, if anything, the easier stimuli, not the harder ones as suggested by Seidenberg & Arnoldussen. Thus regularity cannot be reduced to difficulty.     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and executive dysfunction among children and adolescents: A Latent Profile Analysis

Background/ObjectiveThe current study aimed to examine the relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and executive dysfunction in children and adolescents after psychological trauma.MethodParticipants were 13,438 of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. PTSD and dysexecutive symptoms were assessed using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for Children and the Self-Report Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus version 7.4. Subgroup differences in trauma exposure and quality of life were calculated using ANCOVA.ResultsA 4-class parallel model was found to best describe latent PTSD symptom profiles and executive dysfunction. Individuals in higher symptom groups showed more trauma exposure and lower quality of life.ConclusionsThis LPA study shed light on the relationship between PTSD and executive dysfunction symptoms in children and adolescents. The correlation between PTSD and executive dysfunction was maintained after individual differences were taken into consideration. Our findings provide a new view on how PTSD relates to executive dysfunction and several suggestions for treating child and adolescent PTSD patients.     

高中生学习力的影响因素研究*

采用自编学习力及学习力影响因素问卷,对3056名高中生进行调查,建构学习力与影响因素的数学模型,探究各影响因素对高中生学习力的影响路径。结果发现,（1）影响高中生学习力的因素有六个,分别是认知能力、动机水平、精神状态、人际协调、身心优势感和学习氛围。（2）对学习力解释的贡献率大小排列依次为：精神状态、动机水平、学习氛围、认知能力、身心优势感和人际协调。（3）学习方法运用力主要受动机水平、精神状态、学习氛围、认知能力等4因素的影响;学习态度调控力主要受到精神状态、动机水平、学习氛围及认知能力等4因素的影响;学习自控力主要受精神状态的影响;提问互惠力主要受认知能力、精神状态、动机水平及学习氛围的影响。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">DSM-5</Emphasis> Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Structure in Disaster-Exposed Adolescents: Stability across Gender and Relation to Behavioral Problems

Given the significant modifications to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom criteria from DSM-IV to DSM-5, a better understanding of the dimensionality underlying DSM-5 PTSD symptoms among adolescents is needed. However, to date, whether gender moderates the latent structure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in youth remains unclear. Meanwhile, little is known about how distinct PTSD dimensions relate to adolescent behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to fill these gaps. A sample of 1184 disaster-exposed Chinese adolescents (53.8 % girls) with age ranging from 13 to 17 years (M = 14.3, SD = 0.8) completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and the Withdrawn, Aggressive Behavior, and Delinquent Behavior subscales of the Youth Self-Report. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the seven-factor hybrid PTSD model provided the best fit to the data for both girls and boys. Measurement equivalence of this model held across gender, although girls had higher mean scores than boys on some factors. Differential patterns of associations emerged between PTSD dimensions and behavioral problems, with anhedonia symptoms most strongly relating to social withdrawal, and externalizing behavior symptoms most strongly relating to aggression and delinquency. These findings further support the gender invariance and external criterion validity of the newly refined hybrid model that best represents DSM-5 PTSD symptom structure in youth, and carry implications for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and gender comparison of DSM-5 PTSD symptomatology, and potential symptom targets for PTSD intervention among adolescent disaster survivors.     

Predicting Chinese international students’ acculturation strategies from socio‐demographic variables and social ties

Different acculturation strategies (i.e. integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization) tend to contribute to different adaptation outcomes for international students. The current study examines Chinese international students’ acculturation strategies under the influence of sociodemographic variables and social ties they developed in the host country. A group of Chinese international students in Belgium (N = 183) participated in an online survey. The results indicate that integration was the most commonly adopted strategy among Chinese international students in Belgium, followed by separation, marginalization and assimilation. The results from three separate multiple regressions show that English proficiency, local language proficiency, prior adaptation experience and female were significant predictors of Chinese students’ social ties (i.e. host‐national ties, international ties and co‐national ties). The discriminant analysis identified host‐national ties, international ties, co‐national ties, local language proficiency and prior adaptation experience as important variables that can distinguish Chinese students’ acculturation strategies.     

融合中的变化:传统史学与中国佛教方志的发展

中国佛教方志是复杂的融合体,它既具有强烈的佛教文化情结,也有中国传统文化的痕迹,其中尤以传统史学的影响更为深远。本文从中国佛教方志的发展与分期、传统史学对中国佛教方志的影响、传统史家对中国佛教方志的态度三方面探讨传统史学与中国佛教方志发展之间的关系。     

生态伦理本体的反思与重构

在目前的生态伦理学研究中,无论是主张以人为伦理本体还是强调以自然为伦理本体,都属于黑格尔所嘲笑的原子式的没有精神的思维方式.超越这种有限思维在于将这两种对立的生态伦理本体统一起来,形成一种生态人性的伦理本体.由于这种生态人性是人同自然界的本质一体化,人为中心即自然为中心,自然为中心即是人为中心,于是就消解了人类中心论与自然中心论的对立,并成为二者存在的真理.     

警告对共同目击者讨论后产生的错误记忆的影响

采用误导信息干扰范式,研究了事件后正确诱导与事件后误导对共同目击者的记忆准确性的影响。实验1,要求被试接受事件后诱导信息后进行线索化自由回忆,结果发现,目击者对事件后正确诱导信息项目的记忆准确性显著提高;对事件后误导信息项目的记忆准确性显著下降,产生了共同目击者误导信息效应。实验2,研究了警告对目击者记忆准确性的影响。在回忆前警告被试共同目击者提供的事件后信息不完全正确,请按照自己的记忆来完成线索化自由回忆,讨论无警告组与讨论警告组比较发现,警告并没有改变事件后误导信息效应,也没有改变目击者对正确诱导项目     

科学与历史之间的现代与后现代图景

在当今的现代与后现代之争中 ,焦点已不再如后现代运动于本世纪六、七十年代首先在诸如建筑学、电影、舞蹈和音乐等领域崭露头角时那样 ,仅仅是美学趣味和艺术风格问题。这种争论关涉到道德思考和哲学思辨 ,但又不局限于此。如今 ,战场已转移到现代文化最后的 ,也是最具代表性的堡垒 ,即科学。自从在广岛和长崎投放原子弹起 ,科学的运用就成为一般公众和科学家自身道德审查的对象。而从 5 0年代后期以来 ,对于科学的批评 ,已从对其使用或滥用的批评 ,拓展到对于其基本原则的批评 ,这种批评在美国由Ｔ .库恩、Ｈ .普特南和Ｒ .罗蒂所代表 ,在…     

Resilience and quality of life among empty nesters in China: the mediating role of the source of support

Abstract

This study aims to explore the correlations among resilience, social support, and quality of life (QOL) in empty nesters to comprehend whether various sources of social support indirectly affected the correlation between resilience and QOL. We used hierarchical multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling method in this study. Resilience and support from both family members and friends significantly correlated with the QOL. Besides, both types of support played vital roles in the mediating effects on the correlation between resilience and QOL among empty nesters residing in China. Hence, the hypothesis proposed was confirmed partially. Furthermore, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of overall mental and physical health among empty nesters.