Karma or Immortality: Can Religion Influence Space‐Time Mappings?

People implicitly associate the “past” and “future” with “front” and “back” in their minds according to their cultural attitudes toward time. As the temporal focus hypothesis (TFH) proposes, future‐oriented people tend to think about time according to the future‐in‐front mapping, whereas past‐oriented people tend to think about time according to the past‐in‐front mapping (de la Fuente, Santiago, Román, Dumitrache, & Casasanto, 2014). Whereas previous studies have demonstrated that culture exerts an important influence on people's implicit spatializations of time, we focus specifically on religion, a prominent layer of culture, as potential additional influence on space‐time mappings. In Experiment 1 and 2, we observed a difference between the two religious groups, with Buddhists being more past‐focused and more frequently conceptualizing the past as ahead of them and the future as behind them, and Taoists more future‐focused and exhibiting the opposite space‐time mapping. In Experiment 3, we administered a religion prime, in which Buddhists were randomly assigned to visualize the picture of the Buddhas of the Past (Buddha Dipamkara) or the Future (Buddha Maitreya). Results showed that the pictorial icon of Dipamkara increased participants' tendency to conceptualize the past as in front of them. In contrast, the pictorial icon of Maitreya caused a dramatic increase in the rate of future‐in‐front responses. In Experiment 4, the causal effect of religion on implicit space‐time mappings was replicated in atheists. Taken together, these findings provide converging evidence for the hypothesized causal role of religion for temporal focus in determining space‐time mappings.     

异常反应模式的识别和分类

通过对Drasgow等人的个人适合指标l2公式的再分解,发现该指标也属于残差型类的指标。特别是和Tatsuoka的广义个人适合指标ξ指标具有类似的数学结构,除符号相反外,不同之处仅是公式中加权项。其次,该研究定义了任意两个异常反应对象的类似度,在此基础上试用多维标度法对异常反应模式进行再分类。结果说明分类是有效、实用的。     

杏仁体与情绪及感觉功能的关系

近来研究表明杏仁体与感觉、情绪和记忆关系密切。对恐惧条件反射的研究发现杏仁体是情绪活动的关键性结构;导致恐惧条件反射的细胞及分子机制研究征实杏仁体具有情绪学习与记忆机能;杏仁体在向中感觉信息的筛选和凋制中具有显著作用和重要意义。本文将综述这方面的进展。     

学龄儿童不同层次情绪理解发展及其与同伴接纳的关系

采用情绪理解测验和同伴提名法,探讨7-11岁儿童情绪理解层次发展及其与同伴接纳的关系。结果发现,儿童情绪理解随年龄增长而发展,情绪理解层次发展早晚存在差异,混合情绪和道德情绪理解发展最晚。被拒绝和被忽视儿童的情绪理解测验总分显著低于受欢迎、一般型和矛盾型儿童,矛盾型儿童的总分显著低于受欢迎儿童,他们的情绪调节、混合情绪及道德情绪理解得分也各有差异,表明同伴接纳是学龄儿童情绪理解层次发展的影响因素之一。     

论明代天师道之符箓

符箓是天师道的主要活动方式和重要的修持法术之一;明代帝王认为天师道能化导民俗,故命天师传符箓;史籍亦有不少关于符箓灵验、诸帝受箓及禁止伪造符箓的记载;明代帝王对符箓的态度,对天师道的影响甚大。     

Relation Between Childhood Maltreatment and Severe Intrafamilial Male‐Perpetrated Physical Violence in Chinese Community: The Mediating Role of Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorder Features

This study investigates the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) features as mediators of the effects of childhood maltreatment on severe intrafamilial physical violence amongst Chinese male perpetrators. A cross‐sectional survey and face‐to‐face interview were conducted to examine childhood maltreatment, personality disorder features, impulsivity, aggression, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 206 abusive men in China. The results suggest that ASPD or BPD features mediate between childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence perpetration in Chinese abusive men. These findings may yield clinical and forensic implications for assessing the psychopathology of abusive men, and may steer the intervention of intimate partner violence. Aggr. Behav. 38:64‐76, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The amygdala is involved in affective priming effect for fearful faces

The object of this study was to investigate whether the amygdala is involved in affective priming effect after stimuli are encoded unconsciously and consciously. During the encoding phase, each masked face (fearful or neutral) was presented to participants six times for 17ms each, using a backward masking paradigm. During the retrieval phase, participants made a fearful/neutral judgment for each face. Half of the faces had the same valence as that seen during encoding (congruent condition) and the other half did not (incongruent condition). Participants were divided into unaware and aware groups based on their subjective and objective awareness assessments. The fMRI results showed that during encoding, the amygdala elicited stronger activation for fearful faces than neutral faces but differed in the hemisphere according to the awareness level. During retrieval, the amygdala showed a significant repetition priming effect, with the congruent faces producing less activation than the incongruent faces, especially for fearful faces. These data suggest that the amygdala is important in unconscious retrieving of memories for emotional faces whether they are encoded consciously or unconsciously.     

警告对共同目击者讨论后产生的错误记忆的影响

采用误导信息干扰范式,研究了事件后正确诱导与事件后误导对共同目击者的记忆准确性的影响。实验1,要求被试接受事件后诱导信息后进行线索化自由回忆,结果发现,目击者对事件后正确诱导信息项目的记忆准确性显著提高;对事件后误导信息项目的记忆准确性显著下降,产生了共同目击者误导信息效应。实验2,研究了警告对目击者记忆准确性的影响。在回忆前警告被试共同目击者提供的事件后信息不完全正确,请按照自己的记忆来完成线索化自由回忆,讨论无警告组与讨论警告组比较发现,警告并没有改变事件后误导信息效应,也没有改变目击者对正确诱导项目     

基于概化理论的作假识别量表编制及其作用

基于概化理论,探讨在《大学生心理资本量表》中加入作假识别量表的具体编制过程及其在提升量表信度、效度等方面的作用。通过因素分析验证《作假识别量表》的单维性;通过概化研究,研究其信效度,并嵌入《大学生心理资本量表》进行验证。结果表明：因素分析解释率为55.858%,概化研究结果显示G系数和Φ系数分别为0.825,0.809。因此,《作假识别量表》有很好的信效度,嵌入《大学生心理资本量表》后能有效地识别作假行为和筛选被试。