心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人一般自我概念量表全国常模的制定

旨在建立成年人一般自我概念量表的全国常模。依据全国第六次人口普查结果,按行政区域、性别、年龄、户籍地、受教育程度、职业类别等人口学特征分层抽样取得容量为6433的成年人样本。在该全国样本中再次验证了成年人一般自我概念量表具有良好的信效度指标。比较不同人口学特征的群体在一般自我概念水平上的差异,结果表明,男性自我概念积极性和调节性优于女性;青年组自我概念清晰性低于中老年组,但悦纳性高于中老年组;城市人口、受教育程度高、个人收入中等以上的被试群体自我概念总分及各维度分均更高,不同民族被试的自我概念无显著差异。在此基础上制定了相应的全国常模。     

自我监控对建言行为的影响:内部人身份感知的作用

建言行为是目前组织行为学的研究热点,但关于员工的自我监控如何对该行为产生影响的研究却未见报导。本研究从特质激活的角度探讨自我监控如何通过心理安全感影响员工的建言行为,同时考虑内部人身份认知的调节作用。针对340份上下级配对问卷进行分析,结果发现,内部人感知负向调节自我监控与心理安全感的关系,进而影响员工建言行为。当内部人感知低时,自我监控对心理安全感有正向的预测作用;当内部人感知高时,自我监控对心理安全感没有显著的影响。     

新婚夫妻互动行为对婚姻质量的即时效应和状态效应

采用观察法对106对新婚夫妻在问题解决和社会支持任务中的行为进行录像,并采用在中国被试中经过修订的IFIRS进行编码;以即时互动满意度和夫妻报告的婚姻质量分别作为即时效应和状态效应的预测指标,检验夫妻互动行为两种效应的不同。结果发现:(1)妻子在4个互动中的消极行为均显著高于丈夫;妻子在自己的问题解决和丈夫社会支持话题中的积极卷入显著高于丈夫,妻子的积极情绪在丈夫社会支持互动中显著高于丈夫。(2)就即时效应而言,妻子的消极行为在丈夫问题解决和自己的社会支持情境中均具有主客体效应;丈夫的消极行为和积极情绪分别在自己的社会支持和问题解决情境中具有主体效应;丈夫的积极卷入在丈夫和妻子问题解决情境中分别具有主体效应和客体效应。(3)就状态效应而言,丈夫的积极卷入在丈夫问题解决和妻子社会支持情境中均具有主客体效应,在妻子问题解决和丈夫社会支持中均具有主体效应;妻子的积极情绪在丈夫问题解决情境中具有主体效应,丈夫的积极情绪和消极行为在妻子问题解决情境中均具有客体效应。     

Structural heterogeneity in a binary Pd–Si metallic glass

A Pd₈₁Si₁₉ bulk metallic glassy rod with a diameter of 4.5 mm was produced by water quenching the fluxed alloy. Despite a negative heat of mixing between Pd and Si elements and very simple components constituting the binary Pd–Si glass-forming system, structural heterogeneity was induced either by slow cooling of a liquid or sub-T_g annealing of glassy ribbons. The sub-T_g annealing experiments evidenced that a more ordered amorphous phase emerged from the original glassy matrix. Our work provides an alternative way to tune the microstructure of metallic glasses by subsequent thermal treatment on an as-prepared single glassy phase.     

Testing Group Mean Differences of Latent Variables in Multilevel Data Using Multiple-Group Multilevel CFA and Multilevel MIMIC Modeling

Considering that group comparisons are common in social science, we examined two latent group mean testing methods when groups of interest were either at the between or within level of multilevel data: multiple-group multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MG ML CFA) and multilevel multiple-indicators multiple-causes modeling (ML MIMIC). The performance of these methods were investigated through three Monte Carlo studies. In Studies 1 and 2, either factor variances or residual variances were manipulated to be heterogeneous between groups. In Study 3, which focused on within-level multiple-group analysis, six different model specifications were considered depending on how to model the intra-class group correlation (i.e., correlation between random effect factors for groups within cluster). The results of simulations generally supported the adequacy of MG ML CFA and ML MIMIC for multiple-group analysis with multilevel data. The two methods did not show any notable difference in the latent group mean testing across three studies. Finally, a demonstration with real data and guidelines in selecting an appropriate approach to multilevel multiple-group analysis are provided.     

Poly‐victimization and executive functions in junior college students

This study sought to characterize executive dysfunctions in poly‐victimized students without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral rating measures of executive functions (EFs). Based on self‐report data of exposure to victimization and PTSD symptoms, 259 junior college students aged 18–21 years were classified into four groups: poly‐victimization with PTSD symptoms (PVP), poly‐victimization without PTSD symptoms (PVnP), non‐poly‐victimization (nPV), and non‐victimization (nV). Respondents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Adult Version (BRIEF‐A). Of the 259 participants, 131 were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). The PVP group and the PVnP group performed worse than the nV group on most BRIEF‐A scales. When compared with the nPV group, the PVP group demonstrated poorer performance on the scales of Inhibit, Shift, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory, while the PVnP group performed more poorly on the Working Memory scale and the Task Monitor scale. For all BRIEF‐A scales, no significant differences were detected between the PVP group and the PVnP group. This study showed no between‐group differences for most of the neuropsychological tests except for the Stop Signal Task (SST), and no correlations between these two measures of EFs. Overall, we found evidence of an association between deficits in EFs and poly‐victimization. Although our study raises questions about the relationship between these two measures of EFs, it suggests that the use of the BRIEF‐A in conjunction with the CANTAB provides a more complete assessment of the executive dysfunctions.     

消费者如何看待和评价融合产品?——基于融合产品特征和消费者个体特征的分析

融合产品是将不同品类的功能整合到一个平台上的产品形态,如智能手机等.电子科技的进步和消费者需求的拉动促使产品的融合不断成熟,逐渐成为高科技产品的主流.面对令人眼花缭乱的融合产品,消费者将如何进行评价？文章通过对融合产品领域文献的回顾和梳理,从融合产品的产品特征、消费者的个体特征两大方面深入细致地探讨了消费者对融合产品的评价机制及影响因素,整合了基础产品的特征、新增功能的特征、基础产品与新增功能之间的关系、消费者先前拥有的经历、消费者所花费的认知资源、消费者的心理解释水平等相关变量,最终提出了一个包含11个命题的全新的理论分析框架,为未来深入探讨该领域相关的问题提供了可借鉴的理论依据.     

伦理学的新维度:道德困境中的三类道德难题

当代社会的发展尤其是科学技术的发展,给人类存在的各种关系都带来了深刻的变化,产生了很多具有道德歧义性的社会难题,出现了前所未有的道德困境.传统的伦理学理论和道德规范体系难以适应这种变化,也难以为解决这些道德难题,走出道德困境,提供一个合理的理论指引和现实的解决方案.由此,以研究和解决道德难题为基本使命的应用伦理学便应运而生.