Job load,job stress,and job exhaustion among Chinese junior middle school teachers: Job satisfaction as a mediator and teacher’s role as a moderator

Social Psychology of Education - Job exhaustion is not uncommon among Chinese middle school teachers, but the key antecedents of job exhaustion and the underlying mechanisms in this historically...     

Development of disruptive behaviors in young children: A prospective population‐based cohort study

We know relatively little about the development of disruptive behaviors (DBs), and gender differences therein. The objective of this study was to describe the continuity and discontinuity in the degree to which young children in the general population are reported to exhibit specific DBs over time. Data came from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. First, the results show that relatively few children exhibit DBs on a frequent basis at 41 months of age. Second, the results show that a majority of children who exhibit a particular DB on a frequent basis at 41 months of age did not do so 1 year earlier. In addition, a majority of children who exhibited a particular DB on a frequent basis at 29 months of age no longer do so 1 year later. Third, gender differences in DBs (boys > girls) are either emerging or at least increasing in magnitude between 29 and 41 months of age. Consistent with the canalization of the behavioral development principle, children who exhibited DBs on a frequent basis at 29 months of age are less likely to stop doing so in the following year if they had exhibited the same behaviors at 17 months of age.     

Re-precipitation of coherent γ-Fe particles following annealing of equal-channel angular pressed Cu–Fe alloy

The transformation of second-phase particles in a Cu–Fe alloy following equal-channel angular extrusion and annealing has been determined by transmission electron microscopy. Equal-channel angular pressing of the Cu–Fe alloy transformed coherent γ-Fe particles in the Cu matrix into incoherent α-Fe. Upon annealing, numerous coherent γ-Fe particles were observed. A dislocation–particle interaction mechanism is suggested to explain the re-precipitation of coherent γ-Fe particles following annealing.     

Retention and thermal desorption of helium in amorphous and crystalline FeBSi alloys

Helium retention in metals is related to their atomic structure and the type of defects they contain. In order to investigate the dependence of helium retention on structure, amorphous Fe₇₉B₁₆Si₅ and crystalline FeBSi alloys were irradiated by helium ions at room temperature. In the crystalline alloy irradiated with 5 keV He⁺ ions, three types of helium trapping sites were found: surface defects produced by the irradiation, interstitial-type dislocation loops, and voids. Although these defects did not exist in the amorphous FeBSi alloy, we did observe thermal desorption peaks related to all three types. In addition, helium was released during the crystallization of amorphous FeBSi that had been irradiated by He⁺ ions.     

心理学专业“实验心理学”本科教学现状的调查与分析

针对我国心理学专业"实验心理学"本科教学现状,调查了来自全国28个省市自治区的120所大学的164名"实验心理学"任课教师。结果发现:大部分高校将实验心理学课安排在了第二学年;教学课时在60以上;实际课时越高,其期望课时也越高;讲授《实验心理学》课的教师主要是讲师和副教授,教授较少;实验室面积在160平方米以上的高校占了一半以上,但实验室建设仍被认为是教学的主要困难来源;86.3%的教师会在教学方法上重视实验操作;教师大都受科研压力之苦;教师的教学能力和学生的学习动机是制约教学效果的主要因素,教学难点主要来自实验设计;针对实验心理学任课教师的培训达到了令人满意的效果。     

价值驱动注意捕获:独立机制还是伴随作用?

近年来,在注意捕获研究领域,价值驱动注意捕获越来越受到学者的关注。对于价值影响注意捕获作用机制,一些学者认为是一种伴随机制,而另一些学者认为是一种独立机制。文章在对近年相关文献回顾的基础上,对这两种观点的研究范式、相同点及争议进行了总结。未来研究方向可以聚焦在价值驱动注意捕获的实验方法、作用特点等方面以及特殊群体、跨文化比较等领域。     

Ecological momentary assessment of bulimia nervosa: Does dietary restriction predict binge eating?

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between caloric restriction (CR) and binge eating (BE) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Participants included 133 women with bulimia nervosa (BN) who completed an EMA protocol for 2 weeks. Logistic regression analyses tested whether CR increased the probability of BE episodes. The results revealed that the odds of BE increased on the day that restriction occurred as well as on the following day. In addition, both restriction and BE on one day predicted the likelihood of BE the subsequent day, but restriction for two days prior to the episode failed to add additional information for predicting BE. These findings support the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) model of BN, suggesting that self-reported dietary restriction is predictive of subsequent BE episodes, and that reducing dietary restriction in treatment may lead to improvements in bulimic symptoms.     

Personal attitudes toward time: The relationship between temporal focus,space‐time mappings and real life experiences

What influences how people implicitly associate “past” and “future” with “front” and “back?” Whereas previous research has shown that cultural attitudes toward time play a role in modulating space‐time mappings in people's mental models (de la Fuente, Santiago, Román, Dumitrache & Casasanto, 2014), we investigated real life experiences as potential additional influences on these implicit associations. Participants within the same single culture, who are engaged in different intermediate‐term educational experiences (Study 1), long‐term living experiences (Study 2), and short‐term visiting experiences (Study 3), showed their distinct differences in temporal focus, thereby influencing their implicit spatializations of time. Results across samples suggest that personal attitudes toward time related to real life experiences may influence people's space‐time mappings. The findings we report on shed further light on the high flexibility of human conceptualization system. While culture may exert an important influence on temporal focus, a person's conceptualization of time may be attributed to a culmination of factors.     

PTSD青少年执行功能缺陷的情绪特异性

已有研究表明PTSD青少年存在执行功能缺陷,但尚不清楚这种缺陷是否具有情绪特异性。以2008年汶川地震重灾区汉旺中学PTSD、非PTSD以及非灾区青少年各28名为被试,探讨震后PTSD青少年执行功能缺陷是否具有情绪特异性。实验1采用经典Stroop范式,结果发现3组被试的Stroop效应量无显著差异;实验2采用情绪Stroop范式,结果发现PTSD组对地震信息的Stroop效应量显著大于非PTSD组和控制组。整个研究表明,震后PTSD青少年的执行功能缺陷具有情绪特异性。     

工作记忆内容对不同学业水平学生自上而下注意控制的影响

该研究采用视觉搜索任务范式,以小学五年级学优生与学困生为被试,探讨了工作记忆内容对不同学业水平学生自上而下注意控制的影响。结果发现:(1)学优生与学困生的自上而下注意控制能力存在显著差异,学优生的反应时显著短于学困生;(2)工作记忆内容影响自上而下注意控制,靶相关信息能促进对靶刺激的搜索,而靶无关信息却会干扰对靶刺激的搜索。