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971.
Robert W. Lent Maria Paula Paixão José Tomás da Silva 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(2):244-251
The predictive utility of social cognitive career theory’s (SCCT) interest and choice models was examined in a sample of 600 Portuguese high school students. Participants completed measures of occupational self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interests, social supports and barriers, and choice consideration across the six Holland (1997) RIASEC types. The integrated interest-choice model fit the data well across Holland types and generally supported the hypotheses that self-efficacy and outcome expectations jointly predict interests, and that interests mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to choice consideration. Contrary to SCCT, however, social supports and barriers related to choice consideration indirectly, through self-efficacy, rather than directly. The implications of these findings for further research on the cross-cultural validity of SCCT are considered. 相似文献
972.
We analysed the mediational role of the personality dimensions of sociotropy and autonomy in the relationship between certain styles of attachment and depressive symptoms. In order for us to do so, a group of university students filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Revised Personal Style Inventory (PSI-II) and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). Individuals having attachment styles with a negative model of self (preoccupied and fearful) obtained significantly higher scores in the BDI than those having attachment styles with a positive model of self (secure and dismissing), which coincides with previous research. We followed the standard procedure of Baron and Kenny of linear regression in order to perform the mediational analyses. The preoccupied attachment style-depressive symptoms relationship was mediated by sociotropy. It was also found that autonomy exerted a significant mediational effect on the relationship between the fearful attachment style and depressive symptoms. These results are consistent with the notion that insecure attachment predisposes individuals to the development of depressogenic personality styles. Thus, the findings of the present study contribute to improving the understanding of the factors involved in the development of vulnerability to depression. Furthermore, the results point out the importance of evaluating both attachment style and sociotropy/autonomy personality dimensions for the treatment of depressive patients. 相似文献
973.
Blustein DL Murphy KA Kenny ME Jernigan M Pérez-Gualdrón L Castañeda T Koepke M Land M Urbano A Davis O 《Journal of counseling psychology》2010,57(2):248-254
This qualitative study is an exploration of 32 urban high school students' narratives about the connection between school, work, and societal expectations of their future success related to their racial and ethnic background. The sample varied along 2 contextual dimensions: participation in a psychoeducational intervention (Tools for Tomorrow) and developmental status (i.e., half the sample were 9th-grade students and the other half were 12th-grade students). Using consensual qualitative research, the narratives revealed 3 major domains: future orientation; students' perceptions of society's expectations based on race and ethnicity; and students' perception of the role of their race and ethnicity in future success. Results reveal that the majority of students endorse a connection between school and work, believe that society holds low expectations for them based on their racial and ethnic background, and cannot predict their future success based on their background. 相似文献
974.
Kovács Z Seres G Kerékgyártó O Czobor P 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):378-386
The current study aims to investigate the factorial validity of a widely used psychopathological rating scale, the Symptom
Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R), in a group of patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, and to determine the specific
psychopathological profiles that characterize the individual patient subgroups. Patients suffering from either irritable bowel
syndrome, ulcerative colitis, non-erosive reflux disease or erosive reflux disease completed the SCL-90-R at a tertiary care
gastroenterology department. Seven factors were identified, with one major distress factor and six minor factors. Comparison
of the gastrointestinal disorder subgroups indicated that irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibited significantly more psychological
distress compared to the other groups, and that gastrointestinal patients as a group, compared to healthy controls, were characterized
by high levels of irritable depression and somatization. In planning further studies we encourage the use of factors identified
in our study. The treatment of substantial irritable depression can be an important factor in improving quality of life in
patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. 相似文献
975.
This study examined the relationship among pupils' perceptions of the motivational climate, pupils' perceptions of teachers' strategies to maintain discipline and pupils' intrinsic motivation in physical education. A sample of 2189 Spanish adolescents, ages 13 to 17 years, completed Spanish versions of the EPCM, SSDS, and IMI. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to confirm the factorial validity of the scales. Then, the relationship among the variables was explored through Structural Equation Modelling. The most important predictors of pupils' intrinsic motivation were the perceived mastery climate, and perceived teachers' emphasis on intrinsic reasons to maintain discipline. Perceived performance climate and perceived teachers' strategies to maintain discipline based on introjected reasons and indifference, predicted pupils' tension-pressure. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical propositions of self-determination theory and practical issues of enhancing adolescents' motivation in physical education. 相似文献
976.
Olivares J Sánchez-García R López-Pina JA Rosa-Alcázar AI 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2010,13(2):961-969
The objectives of the present study were to adapt and analyze the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995) in a Spanish population. The SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1588 children and adolescents with ages ranging from 10 to 17 years. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed a four-factor structure: Public performance, Assertiveness, Fear and avoidance/escape in social encounters, and Cognitive and psychophysiological interferences. Internal consistency was high (.90) and test-retest reliability was moderate (.56). Significant differences were found in the variables sex and age, although the effect size was small in both variables and their interaction. Overall, the increase of the age value was inversely proportional to that of social anxiety measured with the SPAI-C; in participants of the same age, values were higher for girls than for boys. Results suggest that the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory For Children is a valid and reliable instrument to assess social anxiety in Spanish children and adolescents. 相似文献
977.
Anaïs Racca Eleonora Amadei Séverine Ligout Kun Guo Kerstin Meints Daniel Mills 《Animal cognition》2010,13(3):525-533
Although domestic dogs can respond to many facial cues displayed by other dogs and humans, it remains unclear whether they
can differentiate individual dogs or humans based on facial cues alone and, if so, whether they would demonstrate the face
inversion effect, a behavioural hallmark commonly used in primates to differentiate face processing from object processing.
In this study, we first established the applicability of the visual paired comparison (VPC or preferential looking) procedure
for dogs using a simple object discrimination task with 2D pictures. The animals demonstrated a clear looking preference for
novel objects when simultaneously presented with prior-exposed familiar objects. We then adopted this VPC procedure to assess
their face discrimination and inversion responses. Dogs showed a deviation from random behaviour, indicating discrimination
capability when inspecting upright dog faces, human faces and object images; but the pattern of viewing preference was dependent
upon image category. They directed longer viewing time at novel (vs. familiar) human faces and objects, but not at dog faces,
instead, a longer viewing time at familiar (vs. novel) dog faces was observed. No significant looking preference was detected
for inverted images regardless of image category. Our results indicate that domestic dogs can use facial cues alone to differentiate
individual dogs and humans and that they exhibit a non-specific inversion response. In addition, the discrimination response
by dogs of human and dog faces appears to differ with the type of face involved. 相似文献
978.
Animal innovations have far-reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences. The occurrence and persistence of an innovation
require several processes, including exploration, social and asocial learning, and low neophobia. In addition, the identity
of the innovator may determine how these new behaviours are socially transmitted. Taking into account inter-individual and
age differences, we investigated three correlates of animal innovation: object exploration, neophobia level and novel problem-solving
ability in an opportunistic generalist raptor, the Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango). Eighteen individuals (7 adults and 11 juveniles) were caught during the non-breeding period and housed in individual cages
in outdoor aviaries. Each bird was given three tests: exploration, neophobia and problem-solving. Individuals differed in
their response to novel situations both within and between age groups. Most of the juveniles were more explorative and had
a lower neophobic response to a strange object than adult birds, but both age groups were able to solve a novel problem when
given a food reward. In juveniles, neophobia level and problem-solving performance were inversely related; however, we found
no relationship between these behaviours in adults. Exploration did not correlate with neophobia or problem-solving ability
for either age group. This research is one of the few studies exploring the inter-individual and age differences in behavioural
innovation and their correlates in a bird of prey. The explorative tendency, low neophobia and ability to innovate showed
by M. chimango may be advantageous for this generalist and opportunistic raptor and might be some of the factors underlying its ecological
success. 相似文献
979.
980.
António L. Palmeira Teresa L. Branco Sandra C. Martins Cláudia S. Minderico Marlene N. Silva Paulo N. Vieira José T. Barata Sidónio O. Serpa Luís B. Sardinha Pedro J. Teixeira 《Body image》2010,7(3):187-193
This study reports on outcomes from a behavioral obesity treatment program, evaluating if treatment-related changes in body image and psychological well-being are predictors of weight change during treatment and after follow-up. Participants were 142 overweight/obese women (BMI = 30.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2; age = 38.3 ± 5.8 years) participants in a behavioral treatment program consisting of a 4-month treatment period and a 12-month follow-up. Psychosocial variables improved during treatment and these changes were correlated with 4-month weight reduction. Short-term changes in body size dissatisfaction (p = .002) and mood (p = .003) predicted long-term weight loss. Additional results suggest that there might be a predictive role of short-term changes in body size dissatisfaction and self-esteem on long-term weight loss after accounting for initial weight change (p < .028). We conclude that, along with weight changes, cognitive and affect-related processes influenced during obesity treatment may be related long-term success, in some cases independently of initial weight loss. 相似文献