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961.
Discrimination of two acoustic dimensions of auditory stimuli, vowel identity and pitch contour, was tested with infants between the ages of 4 and 16 weeks using the high-amplitude sucking (HAS) technique. Discrimination of the vowel dimension and the pitch dimension was tested under two conditions: when a change in the target dimension occurred in theabsence of constant variation in a second dimension, and when a change in the target dimension occurred in thepresence of constant variation in a second dimension. In addition, discrimination was tested in a combined condition in which one level of the vowel dimension was always combined with one level of the pitch dimension and the stimulus change to be detected was a recombination of the levels of each dimension. Sucking-recovery scores demonstrated that infants always discriminated a change in the target dimension when it occurred without variation in the second dimension, regardless of the dimension that served as the target. However, while variation of the pitch dimension did not alter vowel discrimination, variation in the vowel dimension interfered with discrimination of the pitch dimension. Discrimination was also not evidenced in the combined condition. Analysis of the group time-to-habituation (TH) data revealed that significantly longer TH scores were correlated with a failure to demonstrate discrimination. The data are discussed in terms of the formation of auditory perceptual categories in early infancy as they relate to the acquisition of speech and language and, more generally, to developmental attention and memory for auditory stimuli. 相似文献
962.
963.
Nan Miller C.S.W. 《Group》1983,7(1):34-40
Adolescents experiencing personal difficulties commonly evidence their problems while in school. Group psychotherapy within the school setting can be an effective means of helping an adolescent subject to stress at home. Parental alcoholism is the problem shared by a group composed of six students led by a clinical social worker. The broader implications of group therapy in a school setting as a means of helping young people with problems that interfere with their education and socialization are also considered. 相似文献
964.
The Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to 157 women and 163 men in athletic administration. The majority of male (89.5% to 94.1%) and female (85.7% to 91.0%) athletic directors (ADs) was either androgynous or masculine. The findings show that ADs display a higher level of androgyny than do business executives, and suggest that ADs may possess a greater degree of behavioral flexibility. The data indicate that differences in sex-role behaviors of female and male ADs do not justify the discrepant number of men in AD positions. The results also indicate that both female and male ADs have a stronger masculine than feminine perception of themselves, regardless of the competitive level (division) of their program. 相似文献
965.
Dr. Kathryn Kelley Carol T. Miller Donn Byrne Paul A. Bell 《Motivation and emotion》1983,7(2):191-202
The hypothesis that either an angry emotional state or the expression of aggressive behavior facilitates sexual arousal has been the subject of considerable speculation but relatively little research. In a series of studies, Barclay found that anger increased sexual arousal as measured by the amount of sexual imagery produced in response to TAT-like stimuli that depicted males and females in dominant and submissive roles. In the present research, a series of experiments was conducted to determine whether such facilitation can be generalized beyond the specific procedures used by Barclay. Subjects (151 males and 136 females) in three experiments were angered by being negatively evaluated by a confederate identified as a fellow subject. Some subjects were subsequently given an opportunity to aggress; additionally, some subjects were exposed to male- and female-dominant pictorial stimuli. Results indicated that neither anger instigation nor the opportunity to engage in aggressive acts influenced self-reported sexual arousal. There was consistent evidence, however, that portrayals of dominance influenced perceptions of the stimulus person's sexuality. Though anger and aggression do not seem to facilitate sexual arousal, dominance cues (which can be confounded with anger manipulation) clearly elicit perceptions of sexuality. 相似文献
966.
967.
968.
J L Miller F Grosjean 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1981,7(1):208-215
In two studies we investigated the way in which the components of speaking rate, articulation rate and pause rate, combine to influence processing of the silence-duration cue for the voicing distinction in medial stop consonants. First, we replicated the finding that the articulation rate of a carrier sentence, that is, the rate at which the speech itself is produced, influences how the duration information is used to assign voicing values. Second, and more importantly, the assignment of voicing values was also influenced by the pause rate of the sentence. Thus, the listener adjusts for both articulation rate and pause rate when processing the phonetically relevant information. Finally, the two rate components did not function in an equivalent manner, since changes in articulation rate had considerably more effect on phonetic judgments than did changes in pause rate. Alternative explanations fo the relative weighting of the two variables are discussed. 相似文献
969.
Data on sex-role socialization patterns of 29 African and 79 non-African societies were analyzed to test a set of hypotheses about the extent of sex-typing displayed in the child-training processes of African societies. Findings suggest that clear sex differences in socialization emphases and behavioral outcomes exist within African societies; moreover, such differentials resemble those reported among societies from other world cultural regions. In addition, three interesting secondary findings suggest that (1) males experience greater overall levels of socialization anxiety than females; (2) greater overall normative pressure is exerted on males than females in the course of child training; (3) in the aggregate, male children tend to be more compliant in reproducing ideal role-related behavior patterns than female children. 相似文献
970.
Cultural Psychology: Implications for Basic Psychological Theory 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Joan G. Miller 《Psychological science》1999,10(2):85-91
A theoretical argument for the importance of culture in psychological explanation is offered. It is maintained that the view that culture is integral to psychological theory rests on a meaning-based view of culture and on the recognition that culture is necessary in individual psychological development. Research on cognition and on the self is discussed briefly to illustrate ways in which work in cultural psychology is contributing to basic psychological theory. In future research, greater attention needs to be given to developing more sensitive understandings of culture and to incorporating these understandings in the constructs and methods of the discipline. In conclusion, cultural psychology is shown to represent a perspective to bring to bear in all types of psychological inquiry. While building on existing work in the field, cultural psychology offers an alternative vision that underscores respects in which psychological development represents an open, culturally mediated process. 相似文献