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991.
Using vision, humans can accurately judge distances to locations on the ground surface up to distances of at least 20 m. Most theories of depth perception assume that this ability is associated with the fact that we live in a terrestrial world in which locations of interest often appear on the ground and for which feedback about distance is often available from nonvisual sources such as walking. Much less is known about the ability of humans to judge absolute distances to locations other than on or supported by the ground plane beyond a few meters, at which point binocular stereo provides at best limited information about distance scaling. We show that one commonly used action measure for probing absolute distance perception exhibits accurate performance, even for targets located on the ceiling of a large room. We follow this with evidence that distance to ceiling locations is recovered with a mechanism that depends, at least in part, on the angle from the line of sight to the target location and a gravity-based frame of reference. 相似文献
992.
Two studies with college student participants (n's=262, 239) examined the relation between perceptions of threat (i.e., perceptions of the probabilities and costs of future undesirable outcomes) and: (a) worry; and (b) hypothesized antecedents of perceived threat. In both studies, higher levels of worrying were associated with higher perceived probability and cost. In Study 2, the association between perceived threat and worrying remained even when taking into account maladaptive worry beliefs and the desire for predictability; in fact, the relation between worrying and worry beliefs and desire for predictability were moderated by perceptions of threat. Higher levels of perceived probability were associated with perceiving oneself and others less favorably, whereas higher levels of perceived cost were associated with higher standards. 相似文献
993.
Dixon Mark R. Hayes Steven C. Stanley Caleb Law Stu al-Nasser Thouraya 《The Psychological record》2020,70(4):559-579
The Psychological Record - The present article examines whether it is appropriate for applied behavior analysts to use Acceptance and Commitment Training or Therapy (ACT) as part of their... 相似文献
994.
Megan E. Ames Bonnie J. Leadbeater Gabriel J. Merrin Kara Thompson 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(1):1-12
We examine how trajectories of marijuana use in Canadian youth (ages 15 to 28) are related to physical health indicators in adolescence and young adulthood. Youth were initially recruited in 2003 (N = 662; 48% male; ages 12 to 18) and followed for six waves. Five trajectories of marijuana use (Abstainers-29%, Occasional users-27%, Decreasers-14%, Increasers-20% and Chronic users-11%) were identified. Chronic users reported more physical symptoms, poorer physical self-concept, less physical activity, poorer eating practices, less sleep, and higher number of sexual partners during adolescence than other classes. Decreasers also reported poorer physical self-concept and poorer eating practices than abstainers. Other trajectory classes showed few significant health problems. Chronic users also reported more acute health problems (i.e. serious injuries, early sexual debut, higher number of sexual partners, greater likelihood of having a STI) in young adulthood than all other classes contributing to costs of healthcare. Youth who engage in early, frequent and continued use of marijuana from adolescence to young adulthood are at-risk of physical health problems in adolescence and young adulthood. 相似文献
995.
Social cognition in aggressive children: A metaanalytic review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jina Yoon Jan Hughes Archna Gaur Bruce Thompson 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》1999,6(4):320-331
996.
Sussner KM Thompson HS Valdimarsdottir HB Redd WH Jandorf L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(1):60-71
Recent research underscores the need for increasing use of genetic testing for cancer risk in Latinos. This study examined
the influence of acculturation on attitudes, beliefs about and familiarity with genetic testing for cancer risk in a community-based
sample of Latinas in East Harlem, New York City (N = 103). Multivariate linear regression models analyzed the relationship of acculturation to: (1) familiarity (2) perceived
benefits (3) perceived barriers and (4) concerns about abuses of genetic testing for cancer risk. Controlling for sociodemographic
factors, results revealed that with increasing acculturation Latinas were more familiar with genetic testing (β = 1.62, SE = 0.72, p = 0.03), more likely to cite perceived benefits (β = 1.67, SE = 0.79, p = 0.04), and less likely to report perceived barriers related to genetic testing (β = −2.76, SE = 1.64, p = 0.10). Study results may help inform the development of culturally-appropriate health education outreach materials and
programs targeted to increase awareness, knowledge and understanding about genetic testing for cancer risk within Latinas. 相似文献
997.
Rachel Lucas‐Thompson Wendy A. Goldberg Gary R. Germo Meret A. Keller Elysia P. Davis Curt A. Sandman 《Infant and child development》2009,18(6):521-544
The objective of this short‐term longitudinal study was to examine the concurrent and prospective associations of infants' sleep arrangements and night waking with cortisol responses to an inoculation at 6 and 12 months, controlling for several key covariates. To our knowledge, this was the first study to concurrently and prospectively link proximity in sleep arrangements and night waking to physiological stress reactivity. A sample of 92 mother–infant dyads participated in the study when the infants were 6 and 12 months of age, although sample sizes were reduced for some analyses. Both proximal cosleeping arrangements and more frequent night wakings' were associated concurrently with an increased cortisol response to inoculations at both ages. Night waking at 6 months also was associated with a slightly increased cortisol response to inoculation at 12 months. Results aimed at exploring the direction of influence suggested that cosleeping and night waking may influence infant stress physiology rather than the reverse. Adaptive and maladaptive implications of infants' nocturnal experiences and greater stress‐induced cortisol responses are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
The present study tested a sociocultural model of women's sexual satisfaction grounded in Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). One hundred and one college women attending university in the UK completed measures of media internalization, body surveillance, body shame, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Consistent with predictions, the results of a path analysis indicated that greater internalization of appearance ideals from media sources leads to more body surveillance, which leads to higher body shame and lower sexual self-esteem, which, in turn, predicts less sexual satisfaction (only reached marginal significance for sexual self-esteem). In addition, body surveillance and body shame directly predicted sexual satisfaction. These results further implicate the sociocultural practices that objectify women in the disruption of women's experiences of sexual satisfaction. 相似文献
999.
Thompson E. DavisIII Robert E. Nida Kimberly R. Zlomke Marie S. Nebel-Schwalm 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):228-234
Little research has examined health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with learning disabilities in post-secondary
settings and the potential relationship between a learning disability and anxiety or sadness. This study examined HRQoL in
68 undergraduate students: 34 students who reported having been diagnosed with a “learning disability” were compared to 34
students who indicated they had not been diagnosed with a learning disability. Participants completed an online survey of
anxiety, sadness, and HRQoL, including the SF-36. ANCOVAs on the Emotional Well-Being and Role Limitations Due to Emotional
Problems scales from the SF-36 revealed that students reporting a diagnosis of a learning disability were significantly more
impaired in Emotional Well-Being. Regression analyses suggested that impairment in Emotional Well-Being was mediated by separate
ratings of both anxiety and sadness. Results indicated that those undergraduates reporting learning disabilities suffered
from an impaired sense of well-being associated with anxious and sad feelings.
A portion of these data were presented at the 2005 annual meetings of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
(ABCT). 相似文献
1000.
Jennifer L. Bruzek Ph.D. Rachel H. Thompson Lindsay C. Peters 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2009,92(3):327-343
Two experiments were conducted to identify the conditions likely to produce resurgence among adult human participants. The preparation was a simulated caregiving context, wherein a recorded infant cry sounded and was terminated contingent upon targeted caregiving responses. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrated resurgence with human participants in this negative reinforcement preparation. Results of Experiment 2 showed that responses with a longer history of reinforcement showed a stronger resurgence effect relative to responses with a shorter and more recent history of reinforcement. These results show that the resurgence phenomenon occurs across populations and types of reinforcers. Additionally, results indicate that length of reinforcement history is a variable that may affect the magnitude of resurgence. 相似文献