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51.
Cross-Validation of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 Youth Version: An Exploration of Strength-Based Latent Traits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael J. Furlong Jill D. Sharkey Peter Boman Roslyn Caldwell 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):696-711
High-quality measurement is a necessary requirement to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of programs that use strength-based
principles and strategies. Using independent cross-validation samples, we report two studies that explored the construct validity
of the BERS-2 Youth Report, a popular measure designed to assess youth strengths, whose conceptual structure has not yet been
examined. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis found a four-factor solution with conceptual support, which included
both internal assets associated with (a) the management of emotions and positive social interaction skills and (b) engagement
in the important social contexts of family and school. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses found reasonable model fit
for the BERS-2 five-factor structure and superior model fit for the more parsimonious four-factor solution found in Study
1. In future studies, parallel reporting of the four-factor model may provide additional insight to the nature and structure
of the BERS-2 Youth Version’s clinical validity and utility when compared with the five-factor model, thus potentially contributing
to a broader objective to develop a better understanding of important strength-based latent traits. 相似文献
52.
Roslyn M. Caldwell Susan M. Sturges N. Clayton Silver 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):119-132
We examined and compared the influence of home and school environments to the affective (anxiety and depression) and behavioral
(impulsivity and compliance) states of 626 African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic adjudicated juvenile offenders. African
Americans showed the strongest relationship between their home environment and compliance. Caucasian and Hispanic males exhibited
increased home and school environment problems associated with affective states. Among females, African American and Caucasian
females exhibited the strongest relationships between their home environment and behavioral states, whereas Caucasian and
Hispanic males revealed increased school environment problems related to affective states with Hispanic males showing the
strongest relationships. In addition, the school environment was more predictive of the affective and behavioral states of
the adolescents, particularly females. 相似文献
53.
Heller T Caldwell J Factor A 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(2):136-142
This review examines later life family support for adults with developmental disabilities from a life course perspective that takes into account social trends and changes in service patterns and in attitudes of families. Key issues addressed include: (1) trends affecting family caregiving, (2) health and social outcomes of life-long caregiving, (3) support needs of families, (4) family support policies and practices, and (5) recommendations for a research and policy agenda. Research examining outcomes of life-long caregiving has shown that most families adapt well to having a family member with disabilities. However, some families are at risk for poorer physical and mental health outcomes. These include cultural minorities and families of adults with behavioral challenges. Caregiving does seem to have a negative impact on maternal employment and family income as mothers often give up or cut back on employment to care for a child with developmental disabilities, who is more likely to continue living in the family home throughout adulthood than other adult children. Federal and state initiatives are addressing issues of family support through both the developmental disabilities and aging service systems. 相似文献
54.
In a world increasingly described as turbulent and chaotic, management scholars have acknowledged the importance of a virtue-based
set of criteria to serve as a moral rubric for the stakeholders that an organization serves. Business schools play a unique
role in helping their students to understand the ethical issues facing business. Business schools can also model the way for
creating a clear statement of values and principles, by creating a bill of rights for business schools that recognizes the
importance of rights and responsibilities and articulates the important ethical issues that apply not only to business but
to the business school context. Four models for creating a bill of rights in schools of business are presented and a framework
of a bill of rights is provided. The advantages of a virtue ethics model for a bill of rights are explained as the most practical
approach for business faculty to consider. 相似文献
55.
Beyond change management: a multilevel investigation of contextual and personal influences on employees' commitment to change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The extent to which attitudes toward organizational changes may be affected by contextual (other changes going on) and personal (self-efficacy) factors was investigated with a multilevel design involving 25 different changes. Even after aspects of the change itself were controlled, the interaction between the context and the individual difference explained significant variance in attitudes toward those specific changes. The positive relationship between self-efficacy and commitment to the change was stronger as the amount of simultaneous and overlapping change in the surroundings increased. The implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Observer age and the social transmission of attractiveness in humans: Younger women are more influenced by the choices of popular others than older women
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Anthony C. Little Christine A. Caldwell Benedict C. Jones Lisa M. DeBruine 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2015,106(3):397-413
Being paired with an attractive partner increases perceptual judgements of attractiveness in humans. We tested experimentally for prestige bias, whereby individuals follow the choices of prestigious others. Women rated the attractiveness of photographs of target males which were paired with either popular or less popular model female partners. We found that pairing a photo of a man with a woman presented as his partner positively influenced the attractiveness of the man when the woman was presented as more popular (Experiment 1). Further, this effect was stronger in younger participants compared to older participants (Experiment 1). Reversing the target and model such that women were asked to rate women paired with popular and less popular men revealed no effect of model popularity and this effect was unrelated to participant age (Experiment 2). An additional experiment confirmed that participant age and not stimulus age primarily influenced the tendency to follow others' preferences in Experiment 1 (Experiment 3). We also confirmed that our manipulations of popularity lead to variation in rated prestige (Experiment 4). These results suggest a sophisticated model‐based bias in social learning whereby individuals are most influenced by the choices of those who have high popularity/prestige. Furthermore, older individuals moderate their use of such social information and so this form of social learning appears strongest in younger women. 相似文献
57.
58.
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) use unusual and restricted habitats such as swampy clearings, montane outcrops and dry rivers for a variety of social and ecological reasons. Within these habitats, elephants focus on very specific areas for resource exploitation, resulting in deep caves, large forest clearings and sand pits as well as long-established and highly demarcated routes for moving between resources. We review evidence for specific habitat exploitation in elephants and suggest that this represents socially learned cultural behaviour. Although elephants show high fidelity to precise locations over the very long term, these location preferences are explained neither by resource quality nor by accessibility. Acquiring techniques for exploiting specific resource sites requires observing conspecifics and practice and is evidence for social learning. Elephants possess sophisticated cognitive capacities used to track relationships and resources over their long lifespans, and they have an extended period of juvenile dependency as a result of the need to acquire this considerable social and ecological knowledge. Thus, elephant fidelity to particular sites results in traditional behaviour over generations, with the potential to weaken relationships between resource quality and site preferences. Illustrating the evidence for such powerful traditions in a species such as elephants contributes to understanding animal cognition in natural contexts. 相似文献
59.
Forty-eight middle-class fathers having their first child were divided into three groups: An Experimental Group received a demonstration of physical and behavioral characteristics of their own infants resulting in a doubling of the usual time for interaction during the first two days. A Hospital Group spent the same amount of time viewing a prepared videotape of the same characteristics of a newborn infant who was not theirs. An Office Control Group, without experimental intervention, was recruited to control for effects of demand characteristics of the experimental situation. All three groups attended their infants' one-month well-baby examination where outcome measures were obtained. Analyses of variance showed no differences between groups on demographic or pregnancy variables. Further, 108 analyses of variance for 36 father and infant behaviors scored from videotapes did not reveal significant group differences. It is argued that in addition to amount of early contact and sex of parent, crucial socioeconomic factors need to be considered. 相似文献
60.
Since most studies which employ sociometric measures have either ignored the sensitivity of these measures to changes in group structure or have failed to indicate the relative sensitivity of the different types of measures across time and at different age levels, a way to categorize sociometric responses according to the usefulness in reflecting changes both across time and at various age levels was hypothesized. A total of 607 students in grades four through eight responded to a sociometric questionnaire. These responses were analyzed by obtaining test-retest correlations for choices given, choices received, and reciprocal choices. The results indicate that reciprocal choices are less affected by age and time changes than all other ways of interpreting sociometric data. 相似文献