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排序方式: 共有126条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
E. Gail Horton Naelys Diaz Paul R. Peluso Donald Mullaney Michael Weiner John W. McIlveen 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2009,29(2):81-95
This study explored the relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, dissociation, and lifetime heroin use among inpatient clients who abused substances. Results indicate important implications for practice and directions for future research. 相似文献
82.
Horton WS 《Memory & cognition》2007,35(1):87-94
Previous theorists have suggested that figurative language may be an especially salient means by which speakers and addressees establish and recognize specific feelings of interpersonal closeness. To explore readers' sensitivity to this interpersonal function of figurative language use, brief stories were created that described interactions between two ambiguously related characters. In the course of these conversational narratives, one character always used either a metaphoric or literal referring expression to refer to some antecedent information from the story. Across three experiments, readers consistently judged these story characters as knowing each other better when their interactions contained metaphoric references. Moreover, this occurred even when addressees failed to give explicit evidence of having understood the critical expressions. To the extent that language use highlights assumptions about commonalities, readers may generate inferences about social relationships alongside more meaning-driven comprehension processes. 相似文献
83.
84.
Luca Guido Valla Francesco Bossi Rossana Calì Verity Fox Samrah Imtiaz Ali Davide Rivolta 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(4):195-200
Black people are widely negatively stereotyped. The presence of unconscious stereotypes can be effectively assessed with the administration of “racial priming tasks.” An ethnically diverse group was subjected to a priming paradigm to test whether racial cues could bias the identification of target objects. Participants were asked to categorize objects (either as dangerous or nondangerous) after the presentation of Black/White faces as primes. Results show that both Black and White participants were faster in categorizing dangerous objects when primed with Black faces compared to the control condition (i.e., scrambled faces). One possible explanation for this effect is that Black faces are generally associated with a feeling of danger, which ultimately leads to faster responses. 相似文献
85.
Some accounts of common ground assume that successful communication requires detailed consideration of others’ knowledge.
In two studies, we provide evidence for an alternative account that views common ground as being mediated in part through
domain-general memory mechanisms. On each trial, participants heard prerecorded instructions from one of two speakers indicating
which of two displayed pictures to select. During an initial association phase, each speaker repeatedly referred to different
sets of pictures. In Experiment 1, we contrasted a “between-speaker mapping” condition, in which each speaker referred to only one picture from critical item
pairs (e.g., the cat drinking milk vs. the cat sitting up), and a “within-speaker mapping” condition, in which each speaker referred to both pictures within each pair, although item
categories differed across speakers. On subsequent test trials, we recorded participants' eye fixations to critical displays
that included both items from a category pair. Prior to the linguistic point of disambiguation, participants in the between-speaker
mapping condition were more likely to fixate on the picture previously described by the current speaker, suggesting that knowledge
associated with the speaker was prompting expectations for which picture would be the intended target. In Experiment 2, we used two prerecorded speakers of the same gender to strengthen the claim that the relevant implicit memory associations
are speaker-specific. These results demonstrate how domain-general memory associations can be an important constraint upon
language use. 相似文献
86.
The present study investigated computer anxiety within a sample of Turkish twins aged 10-18. A total of 185 twin-pairs participated in the study. Of the twins, 64 pairs (34.6 percent) were monozygotic (MZ) and 121 pairs (65.4 percent) were dizygotic (DZ). Of the 121 DZ twins, 54 pairs (44.63 percent) were same-sex twins and 67 pairs (55.37 percent) were opposite-sex twins. Computer anxiety was assessed using Computer Anxiety Rating Scale-Turkish Version (CARS-TV), one of the three main scales of "Measuring Technophobia Instruments" developed by Rosen and Weil. The results of paired t test comparisons showed no significant differences in MZ and same-sex DZ twin-pairs' levels of computer anxiety. On the other hand, a significant difference was found in opposite-sex DZ twin-pairs' level of computer anxiety. Interesting enough, males appeared to be more computer anxious than their female co-twins. In the present study, using Falconer's formula, heritability estimate for computer anxiety was derived from correlations based on MZ and DZ twins' mean scores on CARS-TV. The results showed that 57 percent of the variance in computer anxiety was from genetics and 41.5 percent was from nonshared environmental factors. Shared environmental influence, on the other hand, was very small and negligible. Interpretations of results and potential directions for future research are presented. 相似文献
87.
Keith D. Horton 《Memory & cognition》1989,17(3):283-291
The present study shows that previous attempts to demonstrate explicit memory for orientation of spatially transformed text were inconclusive. In the present experiments, subjects read spatially transformed sentences and were then given a recognition test that permitted the use of only nonsemantic information. The results revealed clear evidence of incidental retention of nonsemantic information on an immediate test, no improvement in performance under intentional learning conditions, reduced but still better than chance retention following a 48-h delay, and little change in performance with anomalous sentences. These and other results involving the reading of spatially transformed materials are discussed in terms of the interaction of processing requirements at encoding and retrieval. 相似文献
88.
89.
The present study investigated the neuropsychometric correlates of the Mini-Mental State Examination. 12 consecutive neurological referrals were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the WAIS--R. Pearson product-moment correlations suggest moderate association between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and Wechsler Memory Scale but less robust relationships between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and WAIS--R Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQs. 相似文献
90.
Horton LE 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1970,3(3):205-211
The generalization of conditioned aggressive and nonaggressive responses in a group of six adolescent delinquent boys was investigated. Responses were reinforced in card games where a token reinforcement system with money as a back-up rinforcer was used. Conditioning of responses was rapid. Generalization, measured in terms of frequency of physical contact, was tested in a group game for which no reinforcement was given. Generalization occurred during aggressive contingencies. During nonaggressive contingencies, responses did not return completely to the baseline level. 相似文献