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31.
Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger Hannah Grigorian Meagan Brem Autumn Florimbio JoAnna Elmquist Gregory L. Stuart 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2017,26(9):1042-1054
Numerous studies have demonstrated that coercive control is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than other forms of intimate partner violence. However, a majority of these studies focused on samples of help-seeking women. This study examined whether coercive control remains the form of intimate partner violence most strongly associated with suicidal ideation within a sample of nonclinical dating couples. This cross-sectional, survey study on 104 dating couples examined the associations of coercive control (i.e., dominance/intimidation and restrictive engulfment) with suicidal ideation, while controlling for other forms of emotional abuse (i.e., hostile withdrawal and denigration), physical assault, and depressive symptoms. As expected, dominance/intimidation and depressive symptoms, but not denigration and physical assault, were associated with suicidal ideation. Contrary to our hypothesis, hostile withdrawal, but not restrictive engulfment, was associated with suicidal ideation. This study suggests that dominance/intimidation and hostile withdrawal are forms of emotional abuse that are pertinent to suicidal ideation in nonclinical dating couples. 相似文献
32.
A common intuition, often captured in fiction, is that some impossible events (e.g., levitating a stone) are “more impossible” than others (e.g., levitating a feather). We investigated the source of this intuition, hypothesizing that graded notions of impossibility arise from explanatory considerations logically precluded by the violation at hand but still taken into account. Studies 1–4 involved college undergraduates (n = 357), and Study 5 involved preschool-aged children (n = 32). In Studies 1 and 2, participants saw pairs of magical spells that violated one of 18 causal principles—six physical, six biological, and six psychological—and were asked to indicate which spell would be more difficult to learn. Both spells violated the same causal principle but differed in their relation to a subsidiary principle. Participants’ judgments of spell difficulty honored the subsidiary principle, even when participants were given the option of judging the two spells equally difficult. Study 3 replicated those effects with Likert-type ratings; Study 4 replicated them in an open-ended version of the task in which participants generated their own causal violations; and Study 5 replicated them with children. Taken together, these findings suggest that events that defy causal explanation are interpreted in terms of explanatory considerations that hold in the absence of such violations. 相似文献
33.
Nanette L. Yragui Caitlin A. Demsky Leslie B. Hammer Sarah Van Dyck Moni B. Neradilek 《Journal of business and psychology》2017,32(2):179-196
Purpose
The present study examined the moderating effects of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) on the relationship between two types of workplace aggression (i.e., patient-initiated physical aggression and coworker-initiated psychological aggression) and employee well-being and work outcomes.Methodology
Data were obtained from a field sample of 417 healthcare workers in two psychiatric hospitals. Hypotheses were tested using moderated multiple regression analyses.Findings
Psychiatric care providers’ perceptions of FSSB moderated the relationship between patient-initiated physical aggression and physical symptoms, exhaustion and cynicism. In addition, FSSB moderated the relationship between coworker-initiated psychological aggression and physical symptoms and turnover intentions.Implications
Based on our findings, family-supportive supervision is a plausible boundary condition for the relationship between workplace aggression and well-being and work outcomes. This study suggests that, in addition to directly addressing aggression prevention and reduction, family-supportive supervision is a trainable resource that healthcare organizations should facilitate to improve employee work and well-being in settings with high workplace aggression.Originality
This is the first study to examine the role of FSSB in influencing the relationship between two forms of workplace aggression: patient-initiated physical and coworker-initiated psychological aggression and employee outcomes.34.
The current study examined the role of executive functioning (EF) in children's prospective memory (PM) by assessing the effect of delay and number of intentions to-be-remembered on PM, as well as relations between PM and EF. Ninety-six 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds completed a PM task and two executive function tasks. The PM task required children to interrupt an ongoing card game to perform one action (single intention) or two actions (dual intention) with target cards after a short delay (1 min) or a long delay (5 min). There was no main effect of number of intentions or delay on the PM task. However, performance improved with age, and age and delay interacted such that 4-year-olds’ performance remained the same after a long delay whereas 5-year-olds’ performance improved after a long delay. We suggest that the age by delay interaction is a product of age differences in cognitive monitoring. Working memory but not inhibitory control predicted PM with age controlled. We argue that an executive function framework permits an integrative understanding of many processes involved in young children's prospective memory. 相似文献
35.
Endogenous cannabinoids play an important role in the physiology and behavioral expression of stress responses. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including the release of glucocorticoids, is the fundamental hormonal response to stress. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling serves to maintain HPA-axis homeostasis, by buffering basal activity as well as by mediating glucocorticoid fast feedback mechanisms. Following chronic stressor exposure, eCBs are also involved in physiological and behavioral habituation processes. Behavioral consequences of stress include fear and stress-induced anxiety as well as memory formation in the context of stress, involving contextual fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance learning. Chronic stress can also lead to depression-like symptoms. Prominent in these behavioral stress responses is the interaction between eCBs and the HPA-axis. Future directions may differentiate among eCB signaling within various brain structures/neuronal subpopulations as well as between the distinct roles of the endogenous cannabinoid ligands. Investigation into the role of the eCB system in allostatic states and recovery processes may give insight into possible therapeutic manipulations of the system in treating chronic stress-related conditions in humans. 相似文献
36.
37.
Anthony A. Wright Jeffrey S. Katz John Magnotti L. Caitlin Elmore Stephanie Babb Sarah alwin 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(2):243-249
Six pigeons were trained in a change detection task with four colors. They were shown two colored circles on a sample array,
followed by a test array with the color of one circle changed. The pigeons learned to choose the changed color and transferred
their performance to four unfamiliar colors, suggesting that they had learned a generalized concept of color change. They
also transferred performance to test delays several times their 50-msec training delay without prior delay training. The accurate
delay performance of several seconds suggests that their change detection was memory based, as opposed to a perceptual attentional
capture process. These experiments are the first to show that an animal species (pigeons, in this case) can learn a change
detection task identical to ones used to test human memory, thereby providing the possibility of directly comparing short-term
memory processing across species. 相似文献
38.
Matthew K. Nock Caitlin Ferriter Elizabeth Holmberg 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):27-38
We assessed parents’ beliefs about treatment credibility and effectiveness and examined the influence of these beliefs on
subsequent treatment participation. Seventy-six parents completed the Credibility/Expectancies Questionnaire—Parent Version
(CEQ-P), and subsequently participated in treatment for their child's clinically referred conduct problems. The key findings
were that: (a) the CEQ-P is composed of two components that measure parents’ treatment credibility and expectancies; (b) the
total scale and each component are internally consistent and have strong test-retest reliability; (c) scores on the CEQ-P
are significantly associated with scores on a measure of parent motivation for treatment, supporting the construct validity
of this measure; and (d) scores on the CEQ-P at the first clinic visit significantly predict subsequent adherence to treatment
procedures above and beyond demographic variables and parent motivation for treatment. This study provides an efficient and
psychometrically sound measure of parent beliefs about treatment and demonstrates the importance of such beliefs for subsequent
treatment adherence. 相似文献
39.
The time course of categorization was investigated in four experiments, which revealed graded competitive effects in a categorization task. Participants clicked one of two categories (e.g., mammal or fish) in response to atypical or typical exemplars (e.g., whale or cat) in the form of words (Experiments 1 and 2) or pictures (Experiments 3 and 4). Streaming x, y coordinates of mouse movement trajectories were recorded. Normalized mean trajectories revealed a graded competitive process: Atypical exemplars produced trajectories with greater curvature toward the competing category than did typical exemplars. The experiments contribute to recent examination of the time course of categorization and carry implications for theories of representation in cognitive science. 相似文献
40.