进化论与医学教学

达尔文主义在生物学中是一个很重要的理论,它对医学事实所做的进化论解释同样是不应忽视的。但是由于偶然的原因,它一直不能走上医学院的讲台。尽管要克服许多困难,我们还是应该把一些最重要的进化理论传授给我们的医学生,因为这对于他们未来行医是大有益处的。     

校长领导行为与校长类型

对3800名中小学教师和200名校长进行问卷施测,考察校长工作角色五个方面的相互关系,并在此基础上对校长领导行为进行聚类分析,得到四个类型。四种类型校长所在学校的组织气氛和学校效能感均有显著差异。     

正常和弱视者立体和形状视觉感知时间的差异

在速示器,以随机点立体图对为刺激,测量了正常和弱视者的立体视和形状视感知时间。实验表明:正常被试需要大约100ms感知深度,110ms或更长时间感知形状。这二种感知时间与刺激视差的种类和大小无关。弱视者需要比正常人较长的时间达到立体和形状的视感知。这二种感知时间的差别,弱视者也大于正常人。视锐度和立体视范围均恢复到正常的弱视者,以上二种感知时间,可以达到正常人范围,也可能显著地大于正常人。     

机器理解古汉语的实验和若干问题

本文介绍了机器理解古汉语的一个实验系统(ACLUS)。该系统由一个知识库和三个子程序组成。知识库包含有一部机器词典和若干集用来加工句子的规则。三个子程序是:句法分析子程序、翻译子程序和问答子程序,它们分别执行三种不同的功能。本文还讨论了有关机器理解古汉语的若干重要问题。     

痛成分的心理学研究

近年来.疼痛原理的研究有了迅速的发展,最近提出了针刺对痛的不同成分的影响问题。关于痛的问题,至今尚没有它的科学定义。十九世纪以前,有人把痛看作是紧密地和不愉快的情绪相联系的;自本世纪以来,痛是感觉的观点占了优势。人们都承认痛不同于视、听等感觉,因为它还带有明显的情绪色彩。心理学和生理学教科书中,一方面说痛     

痛成分的心理学研究(Ⅱ)——试论穴位电针的镇痛效应

在针麻原理的研究中,有人探讨了入手术室时的情绪状态和某些心理、生理机能的联系及其和针麻效果的关系。那么针刺对情绪有何影响?在前一个研究中,我们提出了痛反应量表,考察多种痛刺激下的情绪状态和痛感觉。然后再在受试者身上进行同神经     

Aiming at Happiness: How Motivation Affects Attention to and Memory for Emotional Images

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). American Psychologist, 54, 155–181) posits that older adults, and anyone else who perceives their time as limited, show a motivational shift toward emotion regulation which causes them to exhibit a positivity bias and negativity avoidance in attention and memory. We tested whether such a motivational shift can indeed cause changes in emotional processing by manipulating motivation in a sample of young adults. After the manipulation, participants looked at real-world images while their eye movements were tracked. It was found that participants motivated to regulate emotion attended less to negative than positive images and showed less looking time to all stimulus types compared to the other two conditions. No evidence was found linking the motivational manipulation to emotional memory.

Two efficient selection methods for high-dimensional CD-CAT utilizing max-marginals factor from MAP query and ensemble learning approach

Computerized adaptive testing for cognitive diagnosis (CD-CAT) needs to be efficient and responsive in real time to meet practical applications' requirements. For high-dimensional data, the number of categories to be recognized in a test grows exponentially as the number of attributes increases, which can easily cause system reaction time to be too long such that it adversely affects the examinees and thus seriously impacts the measurement efficiency. More importantly, the long-time CPU operations and memory usage of item selection in CD-CAT due to intensive computation are impractical and cannot wholly meet practice needs. This paper proposed two new efficient selection strategies (HIA and CEL) for high-dimensional CD-CAT to address this issue by incorporating the max-marginals from the maximum a posteriori query and integrating the ensemble learning approach into the previous efficient selection methods, respectively. The performance of the proposed selection method was compared with the conventional selection method using simulated and real item pools. The results showed that the proposed methods could significantly improve the measurement efficiency with about 1/2–1/200 of the conventional methods' computation time while retaining similar measurement accuracy. With increasing number of attributes and size of the item pool, the computation time advantage of the proposed methods becomes more significant.     

对三维心理旋转操作任务特性的效应的初步研究

在认知心理学领域,对心理旋转的研究主要是以反应时范式为基础。本研究试图突破反应时范式,把心理测量学和实验的方法相结合,以现代测量理论——项目反应理论的项目参数（如项目难度、区分度、猜测参数）为指标,对心理旋转测验中,操作任务的若干特性对测验项目特性的影响进行研究,结果发现：对于以Ｓｈｅｐａｒｄ三维旋转材料编制的心理旋转测验、测验材料的复杂程度,标准图形和匹配图形的角度差,以及匹配图形的编排位置等对测验项目的诸特性均无显著影响。     

色塔人格测验试用研究

用色塔人格测验对中国７２２名５—８０岁正常者及１５１名患有精神病、违法犯罪等异常者进行了测试,建立了中国常模。与日本版比较,增加了成人组的资料。研究表明,中国版色塔人格测验具有较高的信度和效度。该测验稍加修改即可在中国正式使用。