铆题比例对等值精度的影响

在非等组铆测验设计中,铆题量占测验长度的多大比例比较合适,这个比例随测验长度的增大可否发生变化？这些是实际工作者和研究者非常关心的问题。该文在固定被试数和测验长度的条件下,探查铆题量所占测验长度比例（简称铆题比例）的变化对等值精度的影响,讨论了在实际等值中如何在等值精度和铆题比例之间取得平衡的问题。并在模拟研究的条件下,给出了几个反应实际等值精度的指标。     

“饮食自然”：道教饮食养生思想浅论

在现代社会,道教的饮食养生文化受到了大众的普遍关注.然而,这不单单是因为道教中积累了大量的可供今人借鉴、利用的饮食方法和技术.实际上,道教的核心饮食养生思想及原则,更彰显出了其永久性的价值和魅力.从某种意义而言,更加清晰、深入地了解道教饮食养生思想内核,并把握其内在的科学精神实质,是进一步把道教饮食养生文化发扬光大的重要前提之一.     

Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature: its Thomistic and neo-Confucian sources

The Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature in The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven represents the fruit of the first encounter between Catholicism and Confucianism. This article will consider the Thomistic and neo-Confucian sources in Ricci's enunciation of the Catholic doctrine on the goodness of human nature in this Chinese catechism. It will illustrate that Ricci developed his teaching, which is fundamentally Thomistic, with the help of terminology borrowed from the Chinese philosophical tradition. His distinction between the good of nature and the good of virtue leads to prioritising the cultivation of human nature. Ricci's teaching reflects the early modern Jesuits’ appreciation of human freedom. It also displays a Catholic reaction to the sixteenth-century neo-Confucian intellectual trend that ignored the importance of moral cultivation.     

Theorising the emerging green prosumer culture and profiling green prosumers in the green commodities market

This paper explores the phenomenon of green prosumption with a view to theorising the phenomenon and highlighting the challenges and opportunities this particular subculture creates for marketers of green commodities. Narratives of young green prosumers were gathered from 18 phenomenological in‐depth interviews. Capturing green prosumer experiences and subjective meanings, three thematic categories of green prosumption practices, (a) contraction, (b) control, and (c) creation, are postulated in the study. It also highlights several unforeseen challenges as well as a vast array of opportunities emerging from the three green prosumer segments identified in the study: semi‐green prosumers, empowered green prosumers, and liberated green prosumers. This study provides green commodity marketers with a set of recommendations to exploit opportunities in these largely untapped market segments.     

大学新生生活困扰的初步研究

本研究尝试对大学新生的生活困扰问题做一个初步的调查。在广州市某大学新生入学的第一学期末对 2 97名新生用大学新生适应量表进行了测试。结果发现 :( 1 )大学新生的生活困扰涉及人际关系、专业与职业期望、独立生活、资源信息利用和学习等五大方面。 ( 2 )平均而言 ,大学新生明显感到困扰的三个方面依次是资源信息利用、人际关系和学习方面 ;而在专业与职业期望和独立生活两个方面没有感到明显的困扰。 ( 3 )在上述新生生活困扰的五个方面没有发现显著的性别差异。结论 :大学新生的生活困扰问题值得引起足够的重视 ,应该有针对性地采取一些干预措施。     

Sleep does not enhance motor sequence learning

Improvements in motor sequence performance have been observed after a delay involving sleep. This finding has been taken as evidence for an active sleep consolidation process that enhances subsequent performance. In a review of this literature, however, the authors observed 4 aspects of data analyses and experimental design that could lead to improved performance on the test in the absence of any sleep consolidation: (a) masking of learning effects in the averaged data, (b) masking of reactive inhibition effects in the averaged training data, (c) time-of-day and time-since-sleep confounds, and (d) a gradual buildup of fatigue over the course of massed (i.e., concentrated) training. In 2 experiments the authors show that when these factors are controlled for, or when their effects are substantially reduced, the sleep enhancement effect is eliminated. Whereas sleep may play a role in protection from forgetting of motor skills, it does not result in performance enhancement.     

大学生性别自我概念的结构

同时运用外显的自陈式量表和自行设计的内隐联想测验来研究大学生的性别自我概念 ,结果表明 :(1)运用内隐联想测验来测量内隐性别自我概念是可靠、有效、敏感的 ;(2 )在性别自我概念的内隐层面上 ,性别差异十分显著 ;在性别自我概念的外显层面上 ,除了女性正性量表外 ,其他量表上均未表现出显著的差异。 (3)性别自我概念是一个双重的结构 :包括一个内隐的性别自我概念和一个外显的性别自我概念 ,前者是一个一维的未分化的结构 ,后者是一个两维的结构 ,并且二者相对独立     

不同类型问题的关键信息表征及其认知加工研究

目的:研究关键信息表征在不同类型问题解决中的作用;方法:本研究使用五种不同类型问题作为实验材料对75名文理科大学生进行问题解决研究,并采用回归统计分析了关键信息、过程策略、信息处理方式三个解题要素对正确解答的效应;结果:(1)关键信息对正确解答作用显著,关键信息表征对正确解题有较好的预测作用;(2)关键信息在不同类型问题解决中的作用有所不同;(3)过程策略对正确解答效应显著。     

重大教育问题的心理学基础研究——评《素质教育中高效率学习的心理机制研究》一书

《素质教育中高效率学习的心理机制研究》一书,对重大教育问题开展心理学基础研究的成果。在理论上有新建树,即在国内率先提出了高效率学习的心理结构模型。在认识上有新思考,明确了高效率学习的基本特征;研究上有新进展,采用现代心理学的研究范式和先进的技术手段,从多个角度,揭示学生学习效率存在差异的原因;在实践上有新突破,提出了可提高学生学习效率的教育培养措施。     

我国中等职业学校青少年学生情感素质的现状

本研究采用自编的《青少年情感素质调查问卷》对全国3类地区9大城市1767名中等职业学校青少年学生进行了问卷调查。结果表明：我国中职生情感素质总体处于积极正向、亟待提高的状况;女生的情感素质稍优于男生,但存在结构性差异;情感素质与中职生学业自评呈正相关;居住情况和父母学历对中职生情感素质影响不大;与同龄高中生在情感总体上没有显著差异,仅理智情感发展低于高中生,并主要表现在自信感和好奇心方面;师生关系良好、教师有情施教对中职生各方面情感素质发展具有极为重要的促进作用,应引起教育部门的高度关注。