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231.
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). American Psychologist, 54, 155–181) posits that older adults, and anyone else who perceives their time as limited, show a motivational shift toward
emotion regulation which causes them to exhibit a positivity bias and negativity avoidance in attention and memory. We tested
whether such a motivational shift can indeed cause changes in emotional processing by manipulating motivation in a sample
of young adults. After the manipulation, participants looked at real-world images while their eye movements were tracked.
It was found that participants motivated to regulate emotion attended less to negative than positive images and showed less
looking time to all stimulus types compared to the other two conditions. No evidence was found linking the motivational manipulation
to emotional memory.
相似文献
Derek M. IsaacowitzEmail: |
232.
Fen Luo Xiaoqing Wang Yan Cai Dongbo Tu 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2023,76(2):283-311
Computerized adaptive testing for cognitive diagnosis (CD-CAT) needs to be efficient and responsive in real time to meet practical applications' requirements. For high-dimensional data, the number of categories to be recognized in a test grows exponentially as the number of attributes increases, which can easily cause system reaction time to be too long such that it adversely affects the examinees and thus seriously impacts the measurement efficiency. More importantly, the long-time CPU operations and memory usage of item selection in CD-CAT due to intensive computation are impractical and cannot wholly meet practice needs. This paper proposed two new efficient selection strategies (HIA and CEL) for high-dimensional CD-CAT to address this issue by incorporating the max-marginals from the maximum a posteriori query and integrating the ensemble learning approach into the previous efficient selection methods, respectively. The performance of the proposed selection method was compared with the conventional selection method using simulated and real item pools. The results showed that the proposed methods could significantly improve the measurement efficiency with about 1/2–1/200 of the conventional methods' computation time while retaining similar measurement accuracy. With increasing number of attributes and size of the item pool, the computation time advantage of the proposed methods becomes more significant. 相似文献
233.
对三维心理旋转操作任务特性的效应的初步研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
在认知心理学领域,对心理旋转的研究主要是以反应时范式为基础。本研究试图突破反应时范式,把心理测量学和实验的方法相结合,以现代测量理论——项目反应理论的项目参数(如项目难度、区分度、猜测参数)为指标,对心理旋转测验中,操作任务的若干特性对测验项目特性的影响进行研究,结果发现:对于以Shepard三维旋转材料编制的心理旋转测验、测验材料的复杂程度,标准图形和匹配图形的角度差,以及匹配图形的编排位置等对测验项目的诸特性均无显著影响。 相似文献
234.
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236.
Inspired by socioemotional selectivity theory, we investigated age differences in further investment in failing situations by considering goal type and future time perspective. In Experiment 1, 32 younger and 30 older adults reported their likelihood of continued investing following an unsuccessful investment. Older adults were more willing to invest with emotional goals as opposed to knowledge and unspecified goals, while younger adults showed a greater willingness to invest with emotional and knowledge goals rather than unspecified goals. In Experiment 2, another sample of 32 younger and 34 older adults completed the same decision tasks as those in Experiment 1. After future time perspective restriction, the younger adults made decisions resembling Experiment 1's older adults, while after future time perspective expansion, the older adults behaved like Experiment 1's younger adults. These results indicate that future time perspective modification could reverse participants' goal prioritisation, manifesting in differential willingness to pursue further investment in decision scenarios with different goals. Our results represent important steps towards understanding the mechanism of older and younger adults' further investment in failing situations and illustrate that forging connections between the lifespan theory of motivation and further investment decision is critical for understanding adults' decision behaviours. 相似文献
237.
Applied Research in Quality of Life - 相似文献
238.
儿童外部问题行为稳定性的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
儿童早期外部问题行为对后期的学业、行为和同伴关系以及成人期的生活都有消极的影响。探讨外部问题行为的起源、影响因素和发展机制,对考察童年期外部问题行为是否可预测将来的问题、评估干预和预防措施的必要性和有效性,都是必不可少的。文章阐述了儿童外部问题行为稳定性的有关概念,介绍了外部问题行为的发展趋势、“童年期开始的”和“青春期开始的”外部问题行为的发展路径、行为遗传学研究成果以及影响外部问题行为稳定性的因素,并指出了这类研究对治疗和干预的意义 相似文献
239.
创造性的公众观的调查研究(Ⅱ)——关于影响创造性的因素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本研究采用调查分析的方法,在预调查的基础上,编制问卷对影响创造性的因素的公众观进行了调查研究,结果发现:1.公众对影响创造性的诸因素的重要性的看法存在差异。2.公众的年龄,教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体影响显著。3.公众的性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体交互作用显著。4.公众对影响创造性的某些因素的看法分别受性别、年龄、教育程度影响显著。5.公众性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的某些因素的看法交互作用显著。 相似文献
240.
This study examined the cross-sectional relations between teacher-child relationship quality (TCRQ) and math and reading achievement in a socio-economically diverse sample of Chinese American first- and second-grade children in immigrant families (N=207). Teachers completed a questionnaire measuring TCRQ dimensions including closeness, conflict, and intimacy, and children completed a questionnaire measuring overall TCRQ. Standardized tests were used to assess children's math and reading skills. Analyses were conducted to (a) test the factor structure of measures assessing TCRQ among Chinese American children, (b) examine the associations between teacher- and child-rated TCRQ and children's academic achievement, controlling for demographic characteristics, and (c) examine the potential role of child gender as a moderator in the relations between TCRQ and achievement. Results indicated that teacher-rated TCRQ Warmth was positively associated with Chinese American children's reading achievement. Two child gender-by-TCRQ interactions were found: (a) teacher-rated TCRQ Conflict was negatively associated with girls' (but not boys') math achievement, and (b) child-rated Overall TCRQ was positively associated with boys' (but not girls') reading achievement. These findings highlight the valuable role of TCRQ in the academic success of school-aged children in immigrant families. 相似文献