Effects of intergroup exclusion on individual needs threat and behavior tendencies

This study explores the effects of intergroup exclusion on need‐threat and the behavioral tendencies of excluded individuals. Results show that those excluded by in‐group members perceived more threat to relational needs, while participants excluded by out‐group members perceived more threat to efficacy needs. In addition, participants excluded by out‐group members displayed significantly more aggression intention and less helping intention than those who were excluded by in‐group members. This study indicates that the group relationship between excluders and the excluded will directly affect threat perception and behavioral responses.     

内倾特质个体的自我参照加工程度效应

采用事件相关电位技术和三类刺激的经典oddball范式,以内隐的方式探讨内倾特质个体的自我参照加工程度效应及其神经机制。实验发现,在P2的波幅上,在电极前部、前中部和中部位置高自我相关的刺激比其它刺激诱发了更大的P2波幅。在P2的潜伏期上,在电极前部、中部、和中后部位置高自我相关的刺激比其它刺激诱发了更短的潜伏期。在N2的波幅上,高自我相关名字比其它刺激在左脑所诱发了更大的P2的波幅;对比内倾型被试,中间型被试的高自我相关名字比其它刺激诱发了更大的N2的波幅。在N2的潜伏期上,高自我相关的刺激在全脑都比其它刺激诱发了更短的N2潜伏期,且中后部电极位置的潜伏期最短;两类人格被试的高自我相关名字比其它刺激诱发了更短的N2潜伏期,但中间型人格被试的潜伏期最短。在P3平均波幅上,高自我相关的刺激在全脑都比其它刺激诱发了更大的P3波幅,其中中部脑区效应最大。研究结果表明内倾特质个体的自我参照加工具有程度效应,但对比中间型个体,内倾特质个体的自我参照加工的程度效应更弱。     

癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中的问题

癫痫是小儿常见的神经系统慢性疾病,相当一部分儿童伴有认知功能损伤,早期诊断是正确干预、改善预后的前提。但在癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中存在许多的问题,给相关研究带来困难。认知理论尚不完善;认知损伤与修复的机理不清;影响因素众多,而且各不相同;更主要的是方法学上的问题。目前研究趋势是分离不同的认知成分,早期诊断某些特定的认知损伤,国内在这方面的研究起步较晚。     

癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中的问题

癫痫是小儿常见的神经系统慢性疾病,相当一部分儿童伴有认知功能损伤,早期诊断是正确干预、改善预后的前提.但在癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中存在许多的问题,给相关研究带来困难.认知理论尚不完善;认知损伤与修复的机理不清;影响因素众多,而且各不相同;更主要的是方法学上的问题.目前研究趋势是分离不同的认知成分,早期诊断某些特定的认知损伤,国内在这方面的研究起步较晚.     

齐风和韵——谈《韶》乐及齐国宫廷乐舞的音乐特点

《韶》乐来源于帝的《九招》,经过不断的发展,齐《韶》成为春秋时期齐国音乐文化发展水平的杰出代表,孔子的"尽善尽美"更是对齐《韶》的高度赞誉。齐《韶》作为齐国宫廷乐舞的重要组成部分,其场面宏大、优美典雅、刚毅庄重、欢快愉悦、情深意切、感人至深和音乐跌宕起伏,也成为齐国宫廷乐舞的音乐特点。     

项目表述方法对中文Rosenberg自尊量表因子结构的影响

该研究探索项目表述方法对量表因子结构的影响,在多特质-多方法(MTMM)矩阵框架下对关联特质-相关模型(The correlated trait-correlated method,CTCM)和关联特质-相关独特性模型(The correlated trait-correlated uniqueness,CTCU)等8个相关方法效应模型进行比较.结果发现,导致中文Rosenberg自尊量表两因子结构的主要是由项目表述的方法效应引起的.因此,在编制量表过程中应考虑方法效应对因子结构的影响.     

Thinking and feeling in the People's Republic of China: testing the generality of the "laws of emotion"

Cognitive theories of emotion assert that emotional reactions to events depend on the manner in which events are interpreted and appraised. From this perspective, the same outcome can produce different emotions. For example, a score of 85% on a test can evoke positive feelings if it is considered a success or negative feelings if it is considered a failure. Among the various appraisal dimensions that have been identified, causal attributions are thought to play a particularly influential role in shaping emotional reactions to various events. For example, success can evoke pride if it is attributed to high ability, gratitude if it is attributed to help from others, relief if it is attributed to a stroke of good fortune, or guilt if it is attained fraudulently or at the expense of others. These cognitive-affective linkages are thought to be universal. In this paper, we report two studies that tested the cross-cultural generality of some of these assumptions. In Study 1, participants from the People's Republic of China were led to succeed or fail on an (alleged) test of their intelligence and creativity. Consistent with previous findings with Western samples, attributions to ability predicted participants' emotional reactions to their test performance, with high ability attributions linked to greater pride following success. In Study 2, we extended these findings with American and Chinese participants, using a different experimental manipulation of success and failure, and a measure of attributions to effort. For both cultural groups, attributions to ability (but not attributions to effort) predicted greater emotional reactions to success. We conclude that attribution-emotion linkages have cross-cultural validity, and that pride is maximized when success is attributed to high ability.     

个体化用药--医药治疗的革命

遗传药理学和药物基因组学的发展,促进了药物反应种族差异的发现及其机制的阐明,使药物治疗模式开始由过去的诊断导向治疗向根据个体的遗传机构实行基因导向性治疗的新模式转换.     

文化进化的meme理论及其难题

一 meme概念的内涵与文化进化理论 meme一词源自英国著名科学家理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)1976年出版的<自私的基因>(The Selfish Gene),其含义是指在诸如语言、观念、信仰、行为方式等的传递过程中与基因在生物进化过程中所起的作用相类似的那个东西.为了读上去与gene(基因)一词相似,道金斯去掉希腊字mimeme(原意是模仿的意思)的词头mi,把它变为meme,这样的改变很容易使人"联想到跟英文的记忆(memory)一词有关,或是联想到法文的 同样'或'自己'(meme)一词."[1]     

平面几何图形内隐学习的优势效应

在人工语法范式下,以平面几何图形为材料。探讨平面几何图形内隐和外显学习的特点,并增设性别变量以了解内隐和外显学习的性别差异。以108名在校大学生为被试,分内隐和外显学习组,每组男女各半。结果表明：1、指导语上不存在主效应,即平面几何图形内隐学习存在优势效应。2、性别变量不存在主效应,即男女在学习能力上性别差异不显著。3、单元变量上存在主效应,单元二的成绩好于单元一。实验结果再次证明了内隐学习优势效应的普遍存在。