游之道:道教旅游理念的本真性蕴义

道教思想文化蕴涵着深刻的旅游本真性思想。道教"游"的概念,指谓生命的本真存在状态和方式,与现代旅游学追寻的旅游本真性要旨相契合。而道教中的"味道"之游,则充分展现和表达了本真性旅游体验的方法和过程。与此同时,道教"归于朴"的理念,更深刻阐明了旅游的本真价值目的性及人格境界提升功能。全面认识和把握道教的旅游本真性思想,对于当代中国旅游文化建设具有重要的理论和实践价值。     

一所重点中学两种招生方法的启示

对上海市一所重点中学两种招生方法录取的高一学生进行了四种心理测验,结果表明,二者从总体上看并无太大的差异,由此而产生了对素质、素质教育、以及如何实行素质教育的进一步思考和建议。     

Parental involvement,adolescents' self‐determined learning and academic achievement in Urban China

Self‐determined learning is essential to academic success. The motivational resources development model argues that parents promote academic success in their children indirectly by nurturing self‐determined learner. In this study, applying a structural equation modelling and using data collected from 8th graders in Zhuhai, China (n = 1009) in 2012, we aim to answer 2 research questions: (a) What forms of parental involvement are highly correlated with self‐determined learning and (b) Can self‐determined learning fully mediate the relationship between parental involvement and students' academic performance? We find that parental leisure involvement is positively and significantly associated with the development of self‐determined learning, which in turn is significantly and positively correlated with academic achievement. Parental provision of structure or parental academic assistance is not significantly associated with students' self‐regulation and students' academic achievement.     

政治哲学:政治的理性和良心--兼评施特劳斯的"政治哲学"概念

政治哲学研究首先遇到的棘手问题直接涉及该学科研究对象的"政治哲学"概念本身的界定,其核心是如何理解政治与哲学的关系.对此,本文拟从下述两个方面来加以考察. 一政治与哲学的双重变奏 施特劳斯对政治哲学的核心定义正是基于对政治与哲学的关系的分析和揭示.在他看来,政治与哲学具有两种关系,据此,可以相应地对政治哲学做出两种理解和界定.     

积极情绪与身心健康关系研究的进展

积极情绪与身体健康、心理健康和社会适应有密切的关系。首先,积极情绪不仅能够降低传染性疾病的感染风险,能够影响非传染性疾病病情、病程及死亡率。其次,积极情绪能够降低个体的心理易感性,使个体更好的应对负性或压力事件。最后,现有的研究表明积极情绪和社会交往存在相互促进的关系。现存的直接效应模型和压力缓冲模型解释了积极情绪直接和间接促进健康的机制。未来的研究还需在研究方法和模型完善等方面进一步改进。     

Structure and measurement of depression in youths: applying item response theory to clinical data

Our goals in this article were to use item response theory (IRT) to assess the relation of depressive symptoms to the underlying dimension of depression and to demonstrate how IRT-based measurement strategies can yield more reliable data about depression severity than conventional symptom counts. Participants were 3,403 children and adolescents from 12 contributing clinical and nonclinical samples; all participants had received the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children. Results revealed that some symptoms reflected higher levels of depression and were more discriminating than others. Furthermore, use of IRT-based information about symptom severity and discriminability in the measurement of depression severity was shown to reduce measurement error and increase measurement fidelity.     

Differential item functioning of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale in the US and China: Measurement bias matters

Using an item‐response theory‐based approach (i.e. likelihood ratio test with an iterative procedure), we examined the equivalence of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) in a sample of US and Chinese college students. Results from the differential item functioning (DIF) analysis showed that the RSES was not fully equivalent at the item level, as well as at the scale level. The two cultural groups did not use the scale comparably, with the US students showing more extreme responses than the Chinese students. Moreover, we evaluated the practical impact of DIF and found that cultural differences in average self‐esteem scores disappeared after the DIF was taken into account. In the present study, we discuss the implications of our findings for cross‐cultural research and provide suggestions for future studies using the RSES in China.     

学科领域知识丰富性对中学代数问题表征层次的影响

研究学科领域知识丰富性不同的学生在问题表征过程中信息表征层次的特点。采用“学习-再认”范式,以5类等式为材料,62名初二学生参与实验。结果：两组被试对表面和原理特征一致的等式产生明显的错误再认;对表面特征不一致等式的错误率明显减少。无论原理特征是否一致,两组对表面特征一致等式的反应时无显著差别,但在正确率上丰富组的更高。说明,两组均以有序的系列加工方式编码信息,优先编码表面特征。贫乏组对原理特征的编码干扰表面特征的加工,因而原理特征被丢弃。丰富组加工表面特征则无干扰现象出现,两种特征均能作为再认线索。     

高校大学生人际敏感与社交焦虑相关因素分析

目的:分析比较大学生人际困扰、社交焦虑和心理症状的现状与影响,为大学生心理健康教育提供见解。方法:采用自制大学生压力源情况调查表,症状自评量表,社交回避及苦恼量表对大一、大二、大三共1291名大学生进行了测查。结果:人际关系困扰各年级总检出率为27.2%;大二和大三人际敏感因子均分高于大一,女生得分高于男生,并有显著差异;社交苦恼因子和总均分高于常模,存在差异显著性(P<0.05),总体社交回避及苦恼与抑郁、强迫、焦虑等心理症状有显著正相关,并有统计学意义。结论:人际困扰、人际敏感症状存在年级、性别差异,和典型表现形式;社交回避及苦恼可导致不同类型心理症状。     

杜光庭赐紫时间考辨

杜光庭是唐末五代著名的"道门领袖",也是当时重要的文学家。学界一般认为杜光庭被僖宗召见赐紫的时间在僖宗即位之初,本文认为此说不准确。杜光庭被召见赐紫当在僖宗入蜀之初,即中和元年(881)。875年,杜光庭因访道求经而离开天台,先后漫游浙江开化、武夷山、江西崇仁县的沸湖山等地,最后来到蜀中。876年后,杜光庭以成都为中心,漫游蜀中及周边地区。881年,唐僖宗逃奔成都,在成都召见杜光庭并赐紫。