Multi-response permutation procedure as an alternative to the analysis of variance: An SPSS implementation

A permutation test typically requires fewer assumptions than does a comparable parametric counterpart. The multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) is a class of multivariate permutation tests of group difference useful for the analysis of experimental data. However, psychologists seldom make use of the MRPP in data analysis, in part because the MRPP is not implemented in popular statistical packages that psychologists use. A set of SPSS macros implementing the MRPP test is provided in this article. The use of the macros is illustrated by analyzing example data sets.     

不同心理一致感个体压力情境下的情绪特点研究

以46名大学生为被试,利用“九洞仪”创设实验室压力情境,考察不同心理一致感个体压力情境下的情绪反应及恢复特点。结果表明：（1）压力情境下,高、低心理一致感个体的情绪反应存在显著性差异。高心理一致感个体出现较多的积极情绪,低心理一致感个体则以消极情绪体验为主。（2）低心理一致感压力情境诱发出的消极情绪显著多于积极情绪,消极情绪的诱发量较大。（3）压力任务后,高心理一致感个体在情绪恢复量上显著多于低心理一致感个体,心理健康的自我康复力较大。（4）压力任务前后,低心理一致感个体的消极情绪诱发量显著高于恢复量,在消极情绪变化上表现出“诱发多,恢复少”的特点。     

Maximum Marginal Likelihood Estimation of a Monotonic Polynomial Generalized Partial Credit Model with Applications to Multiple Group Analysis

We present a semi-parametric approach to estimating item response functions (IRF) useful when the true IRF does not strictly follow commonly used functions. Our approach replaces the linear predictor of the generalized partial credit model with a monotonic polynomial. The model includes the regular generalized partial credit model at the lowest order polynomial. Our approach extends Liang’s (A semi-parametric approach to estimate IRFs, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 2007) method for dichotomous item responses to the case of polytomous data. Furthermore, item parameter estimation is implemented with maximum marginal likelihood using the Bock–Aitkin EM algorithm, thereby facilitating multiple group analyses useful in operational settings. Our approach is demonstrated on both educational and psychological data. We present simulation results comparing our approach to more standard IRF estimation approaches and other non-parametric and semi-parametric alternatives.     

Associations of Health-Related Quality of Life with Healthcare Utilization Status in Veterans

Evidence indicates that veterans using VA healthcare services have poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Little is known, however, about differences in HRQOL among those who only use VA services and those who also use non-VA services. We sought to evaluate differences in HRQOL among veterans who use: (1) only non-VA services (2) only VA services and (3) both VA and non-VA services (i.e., dual users). A cross-sectional study of 39,942 US veterans who completed the CDC’s 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey was analyzed. Self-rated measures of global health status and the number of days per month that veterans were limited by physical or mental problems were extracted from BRFSS survey data as outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that, compared to those receiving all healthcare outside of VA, veterans receiving VA care were more likely to report poorer health outcomes, including worse global health status, greater impairments in physical functioning, and increased limitations regarding routine activities (p’s ≤ .05). Both exclusive and dual users of VA services reported poorer HRQOL than individuals not using VA services. More research is needed regarding veterans’ health status, particularly in the context of dual use.     

GSK-3β activity in the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval

Several molecules were recently found to be important for the memory retrieval process in the hippocampus; however, the mechanisms underlying the memory retrieval remain poorly understood. GSK-3β has been implicated in the control of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal GSK-3β activity and memory retrieval using behavioral and Western blotting methods. We found that GSK-3β was activated in the hippocampus after a retention session in the passive avoidance task. An intrahippocampal injection of the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB 216763, before the retention session blocked memory retrieval (but not reconsolidation) without affecting locomotor activity. These results suggest that GSK-3β activation would be essential for memory retrieval in the hippocampus.     

音乐的速度与调式对大学生情绪影响的实证研究

以92名大学本科生为实验对象,用剪辑的8首乐曲片断为实验材料,考察其调式和速度对大学生情绪的影响。结果表明:乐曲片断的速度对大学生的情绪影响非常显著,但调式的主效应不显著;慢速的乐曲易于诱发大学生忧伤、悲哀、痛苦、烦躁和愤恨等负性情绪;快速的乐曲大多数导致大学生愉悦与兴奋等正性情绪。乐曲的速度与调式对大学生情绪影响的差异十分显著。速度在调式上两水平的差异显著,尤其是在大调上差异非常显著。但调式只有在慢速水平上差异十分显著,而在快速水平上差异不显著。     

语言耗损研究述评

本文概述语言耗损研究的历史与现状,包括语言耗损研究的主要内容和意义,以及目前存在的若干问题和难点。作者强调指出,语言耗损乃语言习得的伴生产物,关系极其密切．研究习得决不能忽视研究耗损。此外,由于环境因素对语言耗损有重要影响以及非同源语言对语言习得具有负面作用,研究汉语语言环境下外语耗损对中国的外语教学具有特殊的重要意义。     

Coh-metrix: analysis of text on cohesion and language.

Advances in computational linguistics and discourse processing have made it possible to automate many language- and text-processing mechanisms. We have developed a computer tool called Coh-Metrix, which analyzes texts on over 200 measures of cohesion, language, and readability. Its modules use lexicons, part-of-speech classifiers, syntactic parsers, templates, corpora, latent semantic analysis, and other components that are widely used in computational linguistics. After the user enters an English text, CohMetrix returns measures requested by the user. In addition, a facility allows the user to store the results of these analyses in data files (such as Text, Excel, and SPSS). Standard text readability formulas scale texts on difficulty by relying on word length and sentence length, whereas Coh-Metrix is sensitive to cohesion relations, world knowledge, and language and discourse characteristics.     

自闭症儿童行为评定与社会认知发展的研究

本研究用自闭症儿童发展评定量表,自闭症儿童基本社会认知问卷以及“ＴｏＭ”实验,对４９名自闭症儿童及３０名弱智儿童进行了行为评定与社会认知的研究。研究结果为目前国内自闭症的诊断和治疗提供了新的有效工具及进一步明确化的理论依据,并为其教育训练提供了标准的新的启示。