MIRT模型中多维能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响因素

多维项目反应理论因其模型本身的天然优势及其兼具因素分析与项目反应理论于一身的优点,而被广大研究者及应用者所重视.本研究在前人研究基础上,重点讨论MIRT多维能力及能力间相关矩阵的参数估计问题.研究采用Monte Carlo模拟方法进行,在三因素完全随机设计（4 ×3×3）下,使用MCMC算法,探讨测验维度数、维度间的相关大小和测验项目数三个因素对MIRT能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响.     

少数民族大学生文化疏离感调查

本研究在文献综述、谈话、开放式问卷调查的基础上,提出自己关于南部沿海少数民族大学生文化疏离感的理论假设,并在此基础上编制了少数民族大学生文化疏离感的初测问卷,经过初测和相应统计分析,形成正式问卷。最后使用该问卷对八所大学的500名畲族、壮族及其他少数民族大学生的文化疏离感进行调查研究,回收有效问卷398份。探索性因素因素分析结果表明,高职高专学生表现出与本科大学生不同的文化疏离感维度,分别是:文化束缚感、言语疏离感、文化执着感、文化认同感。这表明出地区、民族因素外,被试所接受的教育可能也是影响其疏离感及文化疏离感的重要因素。高职高专学生与大学生所在社会环境,个人特质及心理素质还是有一定的差距。通过方差分析,结果表明,文化疏离感各维度在学历、民族、性别主效应上有显著差异。     

面孔信任评价及其与信任倾向的关系

68名大学生对随机生成的300张面孔进行是否值得信任的评价,结果显示评价者对陌生面孔的初始信任程度不同,表明由结构特征所决定的面孔可信度的高低直接影响了评价者对其信任程度的高低。随后研究进一步考察了信任倾向与面孔信任评价间的关系,结果表明信任倾向与面孔信任评价间存在显著正相关,其中在"不值得信任面孔"评价中表现尤为显著。这些结果表明,面孔可信度和信任倾向两因素对于初始信任判断具有重要的影响作用。     

Do you see what I’m singing? Visuospatial movement biases pitch perception

The nature of the connection between musical and spatial processing is controversial. While pitch may be described in spatial terms such as “high” or “low”, it is unclear whether pitch and space are associated but separate dimensions or whether they share representational and processing resources. In the present study, we asked participants to judge whether a target vocal note was the same as (or different from) a preceding cue note. Importantly, target trials were presented as video clips where a singer sometimes gestured upward or downward while singing that target note, thus providing an alternative, concurrent source of spatial information. Our results show that pitch discrimination was significantly biased by the spatial movement in gesture, such that downward gestures made notes seem lower in pitch than they really were, and upward gestures made notes seem higher in pitch. These effects were eliminated by spatial memory load but preserved under verbal memory load conditions. Together, our findings suggest that pitch and space have a shared representation such that the mental representation of pitch is audiospatial in nature.     

Role of surface roughness in hysteresis during adhesive elastic contact

In experiments that involve contact with adhesion between two surfaces, as found in atomic force microscopy or nanoindentation, two distinct contact force (P) versus indentation-depth (h) curves are often measured depending on whether the indenter moves towards or away from the sample. The origin of this hysteresis is not well understood and is often attributed to moisture, plasticity or viscoelasticity. Here we report experiments which show that hysteresis can exist in the absence of these effects, and that its magnitude depends on surface roughness. We develop a theoretical model in which the hysteresis appears as the result of a series of surface instabilities, in which the contact area grows or recedes by a finite amount. The model can be used to estimate material properties from contact experiments even when the measured P–h curves are not unique.     

张商英三教“鼎足之不可缺一”的思想

北宋著名学者、政治家张商英当理学兴起之时,回应欧阳修、二程的批佛言论,主张儒释道三教融合、鼎足而立,不可缺一。认为三教均有补于治世。一定程度地看到儒家治世思想之流弊,提倡以佛法、道书济儒教之穷。从他一再把儒学称之为"吾儒"、"吾教"而言,表明他在一定程度上还是以儒为主来调和儒佛、融合三教的。     

Self-esteem and proactive personality as predictors of future work self and career adaptability: An examination of mediating and moderating processes

Basing on career construction theory and self-verification theory, current research examined the mediating and moderating models for the relations among self-esteem, proactive personality, career exploration, future work self and career adaptability. A two-wave survey study was conducted among Chinese university students (N = 305). The results showed that both self-esteem and proactive personality (measured at time 1) positively predicted future work self and career adaptability (measured at time 2), with these relationships mediated by career exploration (measured at time 1). In addition, the results further revealed that the positive effect of self-esteem on career exploration was stronger among students who had a higher level of proactive personality. In support of the hypothesized moderated mediation model, for individuals with a higher level of proactive personality, the indirect effects of self-esteem on future work self and career adaptability through career exploration were stronger. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory and career counseling practices.     

Covariance Structure Model Fit Testing Under Missing Data: An Application of the Supplemented EM Algorithm

Analysis of covariance or correlation structure is characterized, unfortunately, by repetitive suboptimal communication between persons and/or computer programs. After analyzing some aspects of this suboptimality, I suggest some approaches to improving the situation.     

The role of psychological resilience and positive affect in risky decision‐making

Past studies suggest that positive affect produces a wide range of desirable outcomes because it helps people build lasting resources. It may be assumed that these resources build on positive affect over time, which in turn may explain the beneficial effect of positive affect in stressful encounters. However, this assumption has not been directly tested by empirical studies. This question is important in that it helps clarify the underlying mechanism through which individuals with more positive affect might respond adaptively to adverse situations. Using a stressful task that included 20 rounds of risky investment choices, the current study examined whether psychological resilience, an important personal resource fuelled by positive affect, could account for the beneficial effects of positive affect. Specifically, we examined the relationship between individuals’ baseline levels of positive affect, their levels of psychological resilience, their choices in a risky investment decision task, and their levels of positive affect on the final investment task. The results demonstrate that psychological resilience could indeed help explain happier people's enhanced outcomes: They chose higher return although more risky investment options and experienced more positive affect at the end of the task. The current study supports the notion that individuals who experience frequent positive affect thrive through various challenges not simply because they feel good, but because they have resources that they can utilize to deal with these challenges. Findings from the present study support further investigation of the important relationship between specific positive affect, psychological resilience, and performance in risky investment tasks.     

闲话“随缘”

本文通过佛教、道教、儒教、基督教有关内容的简单比较，肯定佛教道教传教活动所遵循的“随缘”规则，并以此劝诫基督教。同时，贬抑基督教“以神制人”的原始办法：褒扬儒学“以人治人”的理性思维。