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151.
Vinícius Ynoe de Moraes Miguel Roberto Jorge Flávio Faloppa João Carlos Belloti 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(1):31-37
There are few studies on the development of anxiety and depression in orthopaedics and trauma (O&T) inpatients. We designed
a cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the prevalence of depression and anxiety in 100 O&T inpatients and 100 clinical
inpatients in the same hospital. O&T patients were divided into subgroups: trauma and non-trauma (arthroplasty, tumour, and
infection sub grouping). We measured anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and co-morbidities
by the Charlson age-adjusted comorbidity index (CCI). For the trauma subgroup, AO/OTA fracture classification and Gustillo
and Anderson grade of open fractures classification was applied. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 35% and 28%, respectively for the clinical sample, and 44% and 33% for the O&T
sample. Compared with the clinical sample, anxiety scores were higher in the O&T sample (p = .047), and in arthroplasty (p = .020) and trauma subgroups (p = .031). In the O&T sample, high CCI scores were associated with high anxiety scores (p = .033). 相似文献
152.
François Vialla 《Médecine & Droit》2010,2010(105):161-170
It is wrongly that one would think that the question of the information due by the physician to the patient is not likely of any further developments. Four recent rulings provide the perfect illustration and lead to consider that this duty to inform has attained a genuine autonomy. In some instances, the compensation arising out of the failure to inform may depart from the strict framework of loss of chance in which many believed it was confined to. 相似文献
153.
Children differ in how quickly they reach linguistic milestones. Boys typically produce their first multi‐word sentences later than girls do. We ask here whether there are sex differences in children’s gestures that precede, and presage, these sex differences in speech. To explore this question, we observed 22 girls and 18 boys every 4 months as they progressed from one‐word speech to multi‐word speech. We found that boys not only produced speech + speech (S+S) combinations (‘drink juice’) 3 months later than girls, but they also produced gesture + speech (G+S) combinations expressing the same types of semantic relations (‘eat’ + point at cookie) 3 months later than girls. Because G+S combinations are produced earlier than S+S combinations, children’s gestures provide the first sign that boys are likely to lag behind girls in the onset of sentence constructions. 相似文献
154.
Angelo Loula Ricardo Gudwin Charbel Niño El-Hani João Queiroz 《Cognitive Systems Research》2010,11(2):131-147
In this paper, we describe a digital scenario where we simulated the emergence of self-organized symbol-based communication among artificial creatures inhabiting a virtual world of unpredictable predatory events. In our experiment, creatures are autonomous agents that learn symbolic relations in an unsupervised manner, with no explicit feedback, and are able to engage in dynamical and autonomous communicative interactions with other creatures, even simultaneously. In order to synthesize a behavioral ecology and infer the minimum organizational constraints for the design of our creatures, we examined the well-studied case of communication in vervet monkeys. Our results show that the creatures, assuming the role of sign users and learners, behave collectively as a complex adaptive system, where self-organized communicative interactions play a major role in the emergence of symbol-based communication. We also strive in this paper for a careful use of the theoretical concepts involved, including the concepts of symbol and emergence, and we make use of a multi-level model for explaining the emergence of symbols in semiotic systems as a basis for the interpretation of inter-level relationships in the semiotic processes we are studying. 相似文献
155.
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros Virginia Fernández Laura Cobo Giovanna Caprara Juan Botella 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(4):517-521
Age differences in emotional experience are assessed through self-report scales or questionnaires referring to a specific
period of varying length, and examining different parameters of emotional response. A recent meta-analysis suggests that the
type of instrument and parameter used could account for some of the inconsistencies in the results. The present study shows
comparisons between emotional experience in samples of younger (N = 120, aged 20–27) and older (N = 103, aged 55–75) participants. An Emotional Self-Monitoring record was administered every day for a week. The results show
that emotional expression was highly stable over time. However, they also show that some theoretical assumptions about individual
age differences in emotional experience and age depend on the parameters on which the analysis is based (occurrence, frequency
and intensity, and emotional balance). 相似文献
156.
Françoise S. Maheu Mary Dozier Amanda E. Guyer Darcy Mandell Elizabeth Peloso Kaitlin Poeth Jessica Jenness Jennifer Y. F. Lau John P. Ackerman Daniel S. Pine Monique Ernst 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):34-49
Previous research findings have linked caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect with sensitivity to threatening cues. The present preliminary study investigated whether dysfunctions of the medial temporal lobe could underlie these associations. Using fMRI, we measured medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) among 30 youths. Eleven of the youths had a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. Attention states (i.e., attention to anger, fear, or physical attributes, or passive viewing) were systematically manipulated. Relative to comparison youths, youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect showed significantly greater left amygdala and left anterior hippocampus activation during the processing of threatening information. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate altered medial temporal lobe function during the processing of threat cues in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. 相似文献
157.
In this paper, the author argues (1) that the normative model of the “Republican school” the school agents adhere to is not opposed to the expression of social or religious memberships: rather, it ignores them. (2) That this model of school is currently being deeply undermined by the visibility of the “second generation” of postcolonial immigrants. (3) That this generates various kinds of reactions in the school space: first, reactions from Muslim students themselves and secondly, erratic reactions from teachers and other school personal who try to manage issues they feel important, without having been trained at all to do so. 相似文献
158.
The present study explores whether endogenous attention can modulate body perception. A modified version of the Posner paradigm was used to direct participants' attention toward the appearance of distinct body images, which differed only in detailed idiosyncratic features: one's own and another person's hands. Hand stimuli were preceded by symbolic cues that predicted their identity with high probability, which made it possible to compare the processing of expected (valid) and unexpected (invalid) targets. Results revealed that endogenous attention influenced the processing of participants' own hands by speeding participants' responses to valid in contrast to invalid trials. Crucially, no validity effect was found for the hands of another person. These findings cannot be explained in terms of perceptual familiarity, since an optimization of the processing for both familiar and unfamiliar faces by symbolic cues was observed. In light of these results, it is suggested that participants are able to anticipate particular stimuli within the same perceptual category as long as these stimuli appear to be remarkably distinct to them, which is probably the case for particular faces and their own bodies, in contrast to other people's bodies. 相似文献
159.
The aim of this paper is to use an integrative approach to identify the main correlates and/or predictors at different levels (personal, psychosocial, occupational and outside the workplace) of the burnout dimensions. The sample consists of 813 university professors. Results from statistical analyses show that there are, indeed, both common and specific predictors for the different facets of the syndrome. Specifically, while social support and optimism are selected to confirm all manifestations of burnout, other factors (work hours per week, time in the profession, hardiness, Type A behavioural pattern, life events, daily hassles) do increase the emergence of differential profiles. Lastly, findings are discussed and the main conclusions are presented. 相似文献
160.
Marsh JE Vachon F Jones DM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(1):243-248
Typically, the phonological similarity between to-be-recalled items and TBI auditory stimuli has no impact if recall in serial order is required. However, in the present study, the authors have shown that the free recall, but not serial recall, of lists of phonologically related to-be-remembered items was disrupted by an irrelevant sound stream (end rhymes) sharing similar phonological content. These findings can be explained by the notion that between-sequence phonological similarity effects emerge when category-cueing processes become an important determinant for recall, such as when shared category information can be used as a retrieval aid to cue list items or plausible list candidates. In this case, the presence of categorically similar irrelevant items impairs the retrieval of list items and leads to intrusion error. Implications of these results for theories of auditory distraction are discussed. 相似文献