盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病流行特征分析

分析盘锦市艾滋病瘦情流行特征,为预防控制提供依据.对盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病瘦情数及流行病学调查资料进行统计分析.结果盘锦市2005年～2013年累计报告HIV/AIDS 127例,病例逐年上升,男性显著高于女性,发病年龄以20岁～44岁的青壮年,未婚占54.88％,感染途径以性途径为主,占95.28％,男男同性占61.42％,病例主要发现途径为医疗机构的检测及疾控机构的检测咨询.因此,盘锦市的艾滋病瘦情呈上升趋势,以性传播途径为主,尤其是男男同性增加明显.     

“无主胚胎”的处理方式及其伦理争论

随着辅助生殖技术的不断发展,越来越多暂时不需要进行移植的胚胎存放在生殖医学中心.然而,由于各种伦理争议及社会舆论压力,生殖中心往往会困惑于“无主胚胎”的处理.2013年6月,美国生殖医学协会伦理委员会对“无主胚胎”进行了确切的定义并给出了处理意见和指导原则,结合我国实际国情,从“无主胚胎”定义、“无主胚胎”现状、“无主胚胎”的处理方式及伦理争议、对生殖中心的建议四个方面进行阐述,以求为生殖中心在“无主胚胎”处理方面提供相应帮助.     

Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques

Humans, great apes and old world monkeys show selective attention to faces depending on conspecificity, familiarity, and social status supporting the view that primates share similar face processing mechanisms. Although many studies have been done on face scanning strategy in monkeys and humans, the mechanisms influencing viewing preference have received little attention. To determine how face categories influence viewing preference in humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we performed two eye-tracking experiments using a visual preference task whereby pairs of faces from different species were presented simultaneously. The results indicated that viewing time was significantly influenced by the pairing of the face categories. Humans showed a strong bias towards an own-race face in an Asian–Caucasian condition. Rhesus macaques directed more attention towards non-human primate faces when they were paired with human faces, regardless of the species. When rhesus faces were paired with faces from Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) or chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the novel species’ faces attracted more attention. These results indicate that monkeys’ viewing preferences, as assessed by a visual preference task, are modulated by several factors, species and dominance being the most influential.     

Confirmation of the three-factor model of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES): Verification of the theoretical starting point

Several measures have been developed for the quantification of emotional intelligence. One widely applied method is the Assessing Emotions Scale, whose factor structure has attracted much scientific attention. The objective of the present study was to identify which of the previously suggested models are the most appropriate. By applying confirmatory factor analysis, we have tested the original one-, three-, four-, and six-factor solutions. Results confirmed the three-factor structure to be the most suitable solution. We suggest that the factors in this structure are better described by the labels “appraisal of emotions,” “optimism and regulation of emotions,” and “intrapersonal and interpersonal utilization of emotions.” Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.     

医学知识、权力与自由——论福柯医学哲学思想

话语、知识和权力是福柯在<临床医学的诞生>等著作中的基本思想脉络,福柯将知识归结为话语体系,即知识体系由话语方式决定,所以他认为临床医学出现的可能性条件是话语方式的转变,同时由于话语与权力的关联,知识也并不是价值无涉的,它不可避免地与权力相连,在医学实践中人的生活状态被知识结论所决定,人们不断地接受医学知识所提出的各种训诫,人的精神和生理均被"知识-权力"这一框架所规范和控制,从而远离人自身的价值逻辑,并导致现代人的不自由境遇.     

“我心里时刻惦念着五台山的研究和发展”——追忆任继愈先生对五台山研究的关心与指导

2010年7月11日,是我国著名哲学家、宗教学家、历史学家、教育家任继愈先生仙逝一周年忌日。在先生驾鹤西行一周年之际,我作为曾有幸与任老相识相交过的一位五台山研究晚辈后学,日里夜间,常常情不自禁地忆念起先生的音容笑貌、学养品德,忆念起先生对五台山研究的满腔热情、悉心指导。而今,五台山已成功入选世界文化景观遗产,五台山学初具规模,实在是与先生对五台山研究的发起、推动、指导、关注密不可分的。完全可以说,先生是五台山研究和发展的有力推动者、指导者、引领者,起着灵魂和旗帜的作用。先生的学术思想影响深远,功劳大德将永载史册。     

一座鲜为人知的皇家道场娑罗寺

<正>在清末民初的高鹤年居士所写的《五台山游访记》中载道:光绪二十九年(1903)五月"二十三日,游栖贤寺。里许观音洞,洞在岩畔,蹑     

与用客体表征连续性解释OSPBs效应的商榷

Mitroff等人的研究发现了OSPBs效应量反映的客体运动方式与主观报告结果相分离的现象,并以两可刺激情景或实体性原则违背假设对该现象作了解释。本文以3个实验与其研究进行了商榷。结果表明,两可刺激情景与实体性违背均不能解释上述分离现象(实验1);其实验范式中混入了距离因素(实验2与实验3)和方位朝向因素(实验1)。基于本研究的结果,笔者认为Mitroff等人的OSPBs效应是由距离效应和方位倾斜效应所致,即可能主要反映了基于空间的选择性注意的影响,而不能以客体表征连续性加以解释。     

The differential effects of parental divorce and marital conflict on young adult romantic relationships

The differential effects of parental divorce and marital conflict on young adult children's romantic relationships were examined in this short‐term longitudinal study. Using a sample of 285 young adults, structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis that parental divorce and marital conflict were independently associated with young adult children's romantic relationships through different mechanisms: Parental divorce was associated with young adults' low level of relationship quality through a negative attitude toward marriage (positive attitude toward divorce) and lack of commitment to their own current relationships. However, marital conflict was associated with young adults' low level of relationship quality through their conflict behavior with their partner. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research.     

Face in profile view reduces perceived facial expression intensity: An eye-tracking study

Recent studies measuring the facial expressions of emotion have focused primarily on the perception of frontal face images. As we frequently encounter expressive faces from different viewing angles, having a mechanism which allows invariant expression perception would be advantageous to our social interactions. Although a couple of studies have indicated comparable expression categorization accuracy across viewpoints, it is unknown how perceived expression intensity and associated gaze behaviour change across viewing angles. Differences could arise because diagnostic cues from local facial features for decoding expressions could vary with viewpoints. Here we manipulated orientation of faces (frontal, mid-profile, and profile view) displaying six common facial expressions of emotion, and measured participants' expression categorization accuracy, perceived expression intensity and associated gaze patterns. In comparison with frontal faces, profile faces slightly reduced identification rates for disgust and sad expressions, but significantly decreased perceived intensity for all tested expressions. Although quantitatively viewpoint had expression-specific influence on the proportion of fixations directed at local facial features, the qualitative gaze distribution within facial features (e.g., the eyes tended to attract the highest proportion of fixations, followed by the nose and then the mouth region) was independent of viewpoint and expression type. Our results suggest that the viewpoint-invariant facial expression processing is categorical perception, which could be linked to a viewpoint-invariant holistic gaze strategy for extracting expressive facial cues.