老庄善恶观试探

老庄所谓心、性是两个绝对不同的概念.其他事物从于性,而人从于心.人之善与恶在于心之用.圣人、至人代表着老庄所谓善,圣人、至人非由其本性成就,而由心之修养工夫成就,所以道德之根源在于心.人之违背本性与道,代表着老庄所谓恶,人违背本性与道亦由人之心所起,所以恶亦源于心.性源于道,性与道是相通的.心之用合于本性、合于道即为善,违背本性、违背道即为恶,所以性与道是老庄之善恶标准.心合于性与道,是老庄修养工夫之目标.     

短影片启动情绪对注意偏向的影响

研究采用短影片启动情绪的技术,用积极和消极的两种情绪效价词作为认知材料,请大学生做被试,研究被试在不同情绪状态下是否存在注意偏向性.结果表明:(1)通过短影片启动情绪的效果十分显著,说明人们很容易受影片的影响而出现情绪的变化.(2)注意的倾向性总体来说呈现心境一致性效应,与情绪一致的信息更容易被划入人们的认知范围.(3)短影片情绪启动效果不存在性别差异,而注意受情绪影响的程度存在性别差异.     

任务难度对焦点转换和焦点内信息激活的影响

设置两种难度的比较任务(倒序数2和数3)和一个探测任务(倒序数1),探讨:(1)排除Voigt等研究中数字启动效应后,任务难度对焦点转换的影响;(2)任务难度对焦点内信息激活的影响.结果表明:(1)ft务难度影响焦点转换代价,即任务越难,焦点转换代价越大;(2)任务难度影响焦点内信息激活水平,即任务越难,激活水平越低.这提示:任务难度对焦点转换的影响是多方面的.     

类别特征相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响

探讨在双类别情境中,新项目与类别成员的关系对特征推理的影响.共包括两个实验,被试是62名大一年级学生.实验1与实验2分别探讨在有无类别标签的情况下,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征推理的影响,即探讨类别特征相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响.结果表明:无论有无类别标签,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征的推理影响是相同的,即相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响是相同的.     

"情绪智力量表(EIS)"的多元概化理论分析

本文运用多元概化理论对情绪智力量表(EIS)的测量信度进行探讨,得到以下研究结论:(1)EIS的整体测量信度较高,它既可用于常模参照测验,也可用于标准参照测验;在它的四个维度中,感知情绪、自我调控情绪和调控他人情绪维度有较好的测量信度,而运用情绪维度的测量信度稍差,需要改善;(2)EIS在决定各因子的分量比例方面不尽完善;(3)要想提高运用情绪因子的测量信度,除了增加运用情绪分量表的题目数外,还得改进题目的质量.     

自我决定理论:一个积极的人格视角

自我决定理论是有关人格和动机的理论。自我决定理论认为人的动机是一个在自主性或自我决定维度上的连续体,三种基本需要和个人的因果定向影响外在动机的内化和自主性动机的形成,人格整合和成长的过程,就是自我决定的过程。自我决定理论在教育、医疗、体育和组织等领域得到了广泛的应用。最后,文章回顾了自我决定理论在中国的研究情况,并对该领域需要进一步研究的问题做了讨论。     

社会运行、社会秩序与王朝的治乱盛衰——中国社会思想史研究的新视野

社会运行理论与中国社会思想史研究具有内在的同一关系,为了有效达成"了解过去,解释现在"的宗旨,中国社会思想史研究必须立足当下现实,并回归传统情境.不可以现成的、先验的尺度在资料文献中辨认寻绎社会思想,而应运用社会运行论的知识框架与理论范式,综合考量某个社会精英或学术流派的思想学说和行动主张,逻辑呈现他们如何以社会秩序为中心,从不同角度、不同层面回应社会问题和社会矛盾.进而展开去乱求治的理性思考与实践.     

Empirical comparison of Markov and quantum models of decision making

There are at least two general theories for building probabilistic-dynamical systems: one is Markov theory and another is quantum theory. These two mathematical frameworks share many fundamental ideas, but they also differ in some key properties. On the one hand, Markov theory obeys the law of total probability, but quantum theory does not; on the other hand, quantum theory obeys the doubly stochastic law, but Markov theory does not. Therefore, the decision about whether to use a Markov or a quantum system depends on which of these laws are empirically obeyed in an application. This article derives two general methods for testing these theories that are parameter free, and presents a new experimental test. The article concludes with a review of experimental findings from cognitive psychology that evaluate these two properties.     

The act of rejecting reduces the desire to reconnect: Evidence for a cognitive dissonance account

Through three experiments we examined whether the act of rejecting reduces the desire to reconnect with others. In Experiment 1, female participants who had just rejected a job applicant were less motivated to make new friends than the controls. In Experiment 2, female participants who had insufficient justifications to reject a paper were more reluctant to work with others than those who had sufficient justifications to reject. In Experiment 3, high-choice female participants showed more reduction in reconnecting desire than low-choice female participants. Furthermore, female participants who could misattribute their discomfort away showed less reduction in reconnecting desire. However, in all three experiments, male participants showed less reduction in reconnection desire than females. A follow-up survey showed that males and females differed in their senses of social connectedness and their different discomfort level at rejecting others. Overall, results supported the cognitive dissonance account which posits that, because the act of rejecting is in conflict with the fundamental motive to affiliate, such conflict may compel the mind to modify the existing attitude. Thus rejecting reduces the desire to forge new social connections.     

脑梗死急性期应重视高血糖的处理

脑梗死急性期往往可以检测到血糖升高,而高血糖与脑梗死的转归不良有关.脑梗死急性期高血糖的机制不仅为应激性血糖增高,还可能是多种因素共同作用的结果.注射胰岛素治疗不仅可降低血糖,而且通过对脑组织的直接保护作用减轻脑组织损伤.