记忆活动中情绪调节的效果和认知神经机制

情绪对记忆的促进作用, 已得到了大量研究的证实。但是, 情绪对记忆的损害作用还没有得到一致的研究结果。情绪诱导的记忆损害的条件和机制还没有得到很好的确认和解释。并且, 在证实了情绪对记忆的影响之后, 一个更具有现实意义的问题是, 人类能够在多大程度上调控情绪对记忆的影响呢？虽然已有的情绪调节研究对一些重要的情绪调节策略如认知重评和抑制进行了较多的探讨, 考察了情绪调节对情绪事件记忆的影响。但是, 关于情绪调节是否可以有效地调整情绪唤醒对中性项目记忆的影响, 目前只有少量的研究。对情绪调节影响记忆的认知神经机制还所知甚少。因此, 本项目拟综合使用行为测量和认知神经科学技术, 在考察情绪唤醒对记忆的损害效应的条件和机制的基础上, 进一步探讨认知重评、抑制和忽视等情绪调节策略调控记忆中的情绪效应的有效性和认知神经机制。研究结果将会有助于对情绪、情绪调节和记忆的关系的理解, 并对促进学生的学习记忆活动有现实意义。     

韵律对指代歧义的解歧作用及其机制

研究了韵律特征对指代歧义的解歧作用及其机制。所选的指代歧义句先由 33名被试确定其主要意思和次要意思。歧义句由 8名发音人朗读 ,经专家和普通听者评定后选出 1人的语料为实验材料。各有 12名在校大学生参加了重音听辨实验和名词互换语义判断实验。实验 1请被试比较歧义句中切分出来的所指名词与非所指名词的重读程度。实验 2中将不同的名词组合嵌入到主要意思与次要意思的句子框架中 ,请被试判断合成句表达的是主要意思还是次要意思。实验 3对 4名发音人的语料进行了声学分析 ,测量并比较了歧义句中的所指名词和非所指名词的音高、时长和音强。结果表明 ,韵律信息对于指代歧义有较好的解歧效果 ,消解指代歧义的基本手段是在所指名词上设置重音 ,其主要的声学表现是所指名词时长的延长。     

师生关系对研究生自我效能感的影响:有调节的中介模型

为探讨师生关系与自我效能感的关系,并着力考察专业认同和导师负面评价恐惧在其中所起的作用,采用一般自我效能感量表、研究生师生关系感知问卷、专业认同量表、害怕导师负面评价量表对458名研究生进行调查,结果发现：（1）师生关系可正向预测研究生自我效能感;专业认同在两者间起中介作用;（2）导师负面评价恐惧在师生关系通过专业认同影响自我效能感的中介模型后半段起调节作用,即对于导师负面评价恐惧较高的研究生来说,专业认同对其自我效能感的影响更大。研究结果揭示了师生关系对自我效能感的作用机制。     

健康传播的二元视阈探析：科学传播视阈与医学人文视阈

从西方语境中健康传播的缘起与发展的梳理研究入手,对健康传播的两个主要田野：媒介田野以及医疗机构田野进行系统分析。并在此研究基础上,对缘起于不同田野的健康传播及其视阈进行比较分析,由此进一步提出健康传播的二元分析视阈：科学传播视阈与医学人文视阈。最后,结合中国当下健康传播研究的现状,对不同视阈下的健康传播进行分析,以探求中国当下的健康传播研究是否存在偏差,以期最终推动健康传播的系统化与建制化快速发展。

     

An introduction to Chinese psychology--its historical roots until the present day

In this article the authors review the historical development of Chinese psychology. China's long history as a country immersed in the study of psychological issues is well known and has had an influence on developments in the field of psychology around the world. Modern Chinese psychology, however, was imported from the West and the Soviet Union and has been closely linked with China's social environment and changes of national policy. Today Chinese psychology is still in a preliminary stage. Despite difficulties that may impede its future development, the importance of psychology in the modernization of China has been widely recognized.     

论周敦颐的人生哲学

周敦颐的人生哲学思想主要有两部分 :第一 ,政治人生 :“政事精绝 ,宦业过人” ;第二 ,人生态度 :“孔颜之乐”与“吟风弄月”。周子人生哲学思想的影响 :一是周子把政治建于其人生理念的基础之上 ,视其为人生延伸的一个领域 ,从而保持了在政坛险恶与污浊包围中的清白和高尚 ,成为中国古代儒家学者从政的典范。二是周敦颐揭示出 ,在人生过程中 ,保持一个快乐的人生态度是非常重要的 ,而这种“乐”决非源于现实之物质性功利 ,而只能来自于人们心灵对仁义道德获取后产生的愉悦。     

语音告警信号语速研究

用普通会话句表和飞机告警句表两种测试材料 ,以言语可懂度测试法和主观评价法研究言语告警信号的适宜语速。实验中的语速定为 0 .1 1、0 .1 5、0 .2 0、0 .2 5、0 .3 5和 0 .45秒 /字六级。实验模拟飞机座舱环境 ,采用计算机生成的数字化言语信号 ,在 90 d B(A)的飞机噪声环境下 ,通过耳机传递给被试。研究得到以下结论 :言语告警信号的适宜语速为 0 .2 5秒 /字 (或 4字 /秒 ) ,它的下限为 >0 .2 0秒 /字 (或 <5字 /秒 ) ,它的上限为 0 .3 0秒 /字 (或 3 .3 3字 /秒 )。     

COVID-19 non-death loss and acceptance coping: A 3-wave cross-lagged panel analysis

Numerous individuals have lost loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic while millions of others have also experienced ongoing pervasive non-death loss. The understanding of how people deal with non-death loss is still relatively limited. Incorporating theory of coping and loss, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between non-death loss and acceptance coping. Based on the results of a cross-lagged panel model involving 314 participants in China, we found that before the end of the zero-Covid policy, non-death loss at Time 1 predicted less acceptance coping at Time 2, but in the opening up stage in late 2022, non-death loss at time 2 did not predict acceptance coping at time 3. The findings have significant implications for understanding the interplay between non-death loss and acceptance coping and highlights abrupt psychological changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

The Longitudinal Relationship Between School Belonging and Subjective Well-Being in School Among Elementary School Students

Situated within a positive psychology perspective, the present study explored the relationship between school belonging and subjective well-being (SWB) in school among elementary school students. In order to ensure the applicability of the Brief Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being in School Scale (BASWBSS) to elementary school students, firstly, we provided evidence for its validity using two samples (total n?=?1333) of elementary school students. Secondly, we used cross-lagged structural equation modeling techniques to evaluate the nature and directionality of relationships between school belonging and SWB in school. To test these relationships, 890 students (58.54 % male) completed a measure of school belonging and SWB in school at two time points, 6 weeks apart. The results showed that (1) BASWBSS has good applicability among elementary school students and (2) significant bidirectional relationships were found between school belonging and SWB in school. Overall, the present study provided important evidence of applicability of the BASWBSS with elementary school students and the role of school belonging in elementary school age children’s SWB in school.     

The Semantic Network Model of Creativity: Analysis of Online Social Media Data

The central hypothesis of Semantic Network Model of Creativity is that creative people, who are exposed to more information that are both novel and useful, will have more interconnections between event schemas in their associations. The networks of event schemas in creative people’s minds were expected to be wider and denser than those in less creative people’s minds. Based on this theory, data from Chinese online social media, also known as “Weibo microblogging,” were analyzed. Each user’s score consisted of the metric of coverage, which represented the spread of the network, as well as the metric of density, which represented the interconnections among nodes in the network. The results showed that occupations had a significant effect on people’s creativity score. Academic scholars and writers in general had higher scores compared to other groups, such as entertainment celebrities and sport stars. The implications and limitations of this method of quantifying people’s creativity were discussed.