人文主义与科学主义在中医现代化研究中的冲突

因中医学的核心概念未能获得现代科学意义上的实证,所以有人提出科学主义应当从中医学研究中退出,取而代之的应当是人文主义。     

浅析肿瘤疫苗

肿瘤疫苗作为肿瘤特异性主动免疫治疗的方式,目的是激发启动,调节增强机体固有的免疫功能和抗癌能力以维护机体生理平衡。具有使机体由被动抗癌向主动抗癌转变的特点。     

The school psychologist as expert witness in due process hearings

As a consequence of the Consent Agreement reached between the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, school of psychologists are finding themselves increasingly in the role of expert witness in due process hearings. The paper identifies a number of problems regarding the witness behavior of psychologists in these hearings and proposes some recommendations and resolutions.     

Span and rate of apprehension in children and adults.

Children and adults quantified random patterns of dots, under unlimited exposure duration. For adults and children two distinct processes appear to operate. For adults the quantification of collections of from one to three dots is essentially errorless, and proceeds at the rate of 46 msec per item, while the quantification rate for from 4 to 10 dots is 307 msec per dot. For children the same operating ranges appear to hold, however children are much slower. The lower slope is 195 msec per dot, while the upper is 1049. Although the results for adults and children are similar except for the overall rates, the nature of the isomorphism between children and adults is unclear.     

儿童对复合刺激物形成条件反射和分化的年龄特点

分析-綜合活动,也就是高級神經活动能以区分复杂現象的組成成分,并把它們联合成为整体的特性,是大脑两半球活动的重要原則之一。众所周知,在通常情况下,外界环境是以多种多样的形式对有机体起作用的。根据巴甫洛夫学說,正是大脑两半球的分析-綜合活动保証了有机体对如此复杂的、变化多端的外界环境以最精确和最灵活的适应。 早在1906年,巴甫洛夫实驗室中的A.B.巴拉金、捷廖里、別里立玆維依格等人就开始用对复合刺激物形成条件反射的方法,来研究动物大脑皮层的分析-綜合活动。此后,伊万諾夫-斯莫稜斯基、撕基平、沃罗宁等人在这方面也作了許多工作。但这些工作还未能洞察出对复合刺激物形成暫时联系的接通机制,更不足以完全揭露人的大脑皮层的分析-綜合活动的特点。     

Predicting Short‐Term Remembering as Boundedly Optimal Strategy Choice

It is known that, on average, people adapt their choice of memory strategy to the subjective utility of interaction. What is not known is whether an individual's choices are boundedly optimal. Two experiments are reported that test the hypothesis that an individual's decisions about the distribution of remembering between internal and external resources are boundedly optimal where optimality is defined relative to experience, cognitive constraints, and reward. The theory makes predictions that are tested against data, not fitted to it. The experiments use a no‐choice/choice utility learning paradigm where the no‐choice phase is used to elicit a profile of each participant's performance across the strategy space and the choice phase is used to test predicted choices within this space. They show that the majority of individuals select strategies that are boundedly optimal. Further, individual differences in what people choose to do are successfully predicted by the analysis. Two issues are discussed: (a) the performance of the minority of participants who did not find boundedly optimal adaptations, and (b) the possibility that individuals anticipate what, with practice, will become a bounded optimal strategy, rather than what is boundedly optimal during training.     

先天性红-绿色觉异常者的非彩色表色色差辨别研究

该文就先天性红－绿色觉异常者对非彩色系表色色差的辨别展开了研究。结果表明,先天性红－绿色觉异常者色差识别的量值△Ｅ随目视评价的等级不同而异;先天性红－绿色觉异常者与色党正常者在非彩色表色辨别上存在一定的差异;同一明度等级上、下限的变化对先天性红－绿色觉异常者的非彩色表色辨别存在影响,这种影响与明度的级别有关。