CONSCIENCE, MORAL TRUTH, AND MORAL ERRORS: SOME RESPONSES TO EDMUND LEITES

Edmund Leites's lucid article on conscience, casuistry, and moral decision in the Church of England in the late 17th and early 18th centuries has amply demonstrated how the idea of conscience developed and changed from a background assumption of moral autonomy to that of self-reliance in addition to the belief in moral autonomy. In this shift the art of moral casuistry has gradually lost its original relevance and even become a forgotten idea. It may be wondered why this happened and what significance may be adduced from this. It may also be wondered what philosophical evaluation can be rendered of casuistry independent of the historical nexus of its transformation. From a comparative perspective in connection with the Chinese heritage, Leites's paper provides excellent evidence for the surprising existence of similar strains of thought on conscience in Chinese and Western traditions even though the metaphysical and religious contexts and backgrounds of these strains of thought are radically different. This difference in metaphysical and religious contexts and backgrounds raises some profound philosophical questions which are indicated in Leites's comments on my original article. In this response, I shall first discuss similar strains of thought on conscience in Chinese and English sources, and then explore briefly the different metaphiscal structures underlying these thoughts. I shall finally consider what theoretical conclusions are warranted in light of both the article and the comments of Edmund Leites.     

情绪主题绘本阅读对自闭症谱系障碍儿童情绪理解障碍的干预效果

本研究选取一名15岁的重度自闭症谱系障碍儿童为研究对象，采用眼动追踪技术考察其情绪主题绘本阅读的眼动特征，并制定情绪主题绘本阅读方案，对该儿童的情绪理解障碍进行干预。结果显示：（1）在干预前，这名儿童阅读情绪主题绘本时更加关注背景区域，而较少注意主角形象区域，在整体画面中最后关注甚至忽视主角表情这一重要信息。（2）通过情绪主题绘本阅读干预，这名儿童对主角表情的首次注视前时间减少，注意分配时间和注视次数显著增加；情绪理解能力也显著提高。     

浅谈生态伦理视角下的生药开发

阐述我国目前生药开发的现状,分析其引起的各种生态伦理问题,从生态链的破坏、生药资源的减少、环境污染、健康威胁等角度阐述了生药开发需要注意的问题,并就如何规范采伐生药、人工栽培与驯化、组织细胞培养、化学污染处理、提高环保意识给出了初步建议.