养育是一种幸福的体验吗？养育倦怠述评

养育倦怠指的是由于父母角色和长期的养育压力而导致的一组负性症状,具体包括与父母角色相关的极度耗竭感、与子女的情感疏远和父母角色的低效能感。学者们采用风险-资源平衡模型来对养育倦怠进行解释,并围绕其测量、前因变量和后果变量开展了一系列的研究。未来的研究应当重点关注以下问题：澄清养育倦怠的概念内涵,发展科学的测量与评价工具;重视养育倦怠与后果变量之间的关系及其作用机制;充分关注文化因素在养育倦怠研究中的地位和作用。     

Somatization in Chinese American clients: Implications for psychotherapeutic services

Chinese Americans have a tendency to somatize, or complain of physical discomforts, when they experience psychological or emotional problems. Differentiating whether these clients have a mental health problem or a physical ailment is a critical diagnostic and treatment issue. In addition, psychogenic somatic complaints need to be addressed in a culturally congruent manner in the context of psychotherapy. This paper examines the somatic symptoms commonly reported by Chinese American clients. Ways to address these issues in differential diagnosis and in treatment will be discussed along with case examples.Portions of this paper were presented at the 100th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., August, 1992.     

Information transmission with a multifinger tactual display

In this work, the tactual information transmission capabilities of a tactual display designed to provide stimulation along a continuum from kinesthetic movements to cutaneous vibrations are assessed. The display is capable of delivering arbitrary waveforms to three digits (thumb, index, and middle finger) within an amplitude range from absolute detection threshold to about 50 dB sensation level and a frequency range from dc to above 300 Hz. Stimulus sets were designed at each of three signal durations (125, 250, and 500 msec) by combining salient attributes, such as frequency (further divided into low, middle, and high regions), amplitude, direction of motion, and finger location. Estimated static information transfer (IT) was 6.5 bits at 500 mseC., 6.4 bits at 250 mseC., and 5.6 bits at 125 msec. Estimates of IT rate were derived from identification experiments in which the subject’s task was to identify the middle stimulus in a sequence of three stimuli randomly selected from a given stimulus set. On the basis of the extrapolations from these IT measurements to continuous streams, the IT rate was estimated to be about 12 bits/seC., which is roughly the same as that achieved by Tadoma users in tactual speech communication.     

结构方程模型的应用及分析策略

差不多所有心理、教育、社会等概念,均难以直接准确测量,结构方程（SEM,Struc－tulalEquationModelling）提供一个处理测量误差的方法,采用多个指标去反映潜在变量,也令估计整个模型因子间关系,较传统回归方法更为准确合理。本文主要用一系列有关学习动机的虚拟例子,指出每个问题的主要分析策略,以展示SEM在教育及心理学可以应用的研究范畴。文内探讨的方法包括：验证性因素、高阶因子、路径及因果分析、多时段（multiwave）设计、单形模型（SimpleModel）、及多组比较等。     

关于儿童内包量概念发展的研究

自从Piaget等人提出对时概念的守恒性进行研究以来,对儿童比例概念形成的研究就成了儿童概念形成研究的一个热点,并积累了比较丰富的实验成果,提出了许多新的研究课题。近来,国外一些研究者又提出了对内包量概念进行研究。本文试就国内外关于内包量概念研究的主要取向、研究的一些新进展、内包量概念形成的实质等作一综合的介绍。     

East-West Difference in Views on Creativity: Is Howard Gardner Correct? Yes,and No

The cultural aspect of creativity has in recent years begun to attract the attention of creativity researchers both at the conceptual and empirical levels. Howard Gardner posits a performance-oriented regimental approach to creativity in China, based on his visit to the country a decade ago. He also proposes five assumptions underlying such an approach. The present study tests these conceptions empirically by contrasting the views of Singapore teachers steeped in Chinese culture with those in the Western tradition. Teachers' choices of action contradict Gardner's contention but his assumptions are largely supported.     

经典氧债学说研究进展

Hill和 Margaria等依据乳酸代谢动力学特征对氧债现象所作的理论解释曾统治对该问题的研究长达半个世纪 ,然而 ,采用新的测试技术研究发现 ,经典氧债学说至少在以下三个方面与当代生理学研究有明显的冲突 ,即氧亏与氧债的关系、乳酸与氧耗的一致性和乳酸转变为肌糖。本文就上述研究进行简要回顾。     

小学儿童记忆中组织策略发展的实验研究

本研究探讨了小学儿童组织策略的发展,结果表明:1.小学儿童组织策略的发展可分为产生性缺损和成熟运用组织策略两个主要阶段。第一个阶段根据是否伴随中介性缺损又可分为两个亚阶段。2.导致产生性缺损的原因有:(1)缺乏对记忆手段和记忆目标之间的功能关系的清晰认识;(2)不能清楚地认识策略的有效性,以及常运用自己熟悉的、简单的、但也相对无效的策略;(3)较差的有关记忆材料的知识基础以及较低的认识发展水平。     

高原低氧对脑功能的影响

本文报告了海拔4,000米左右低氧对脑功能的影响,并观察了高原现场驾驶汽车劳动6小时后脑功能的变化。所用测试指标如下:视觉机能(颜色分辨、深度觉、视觉疲劳和视觉注意稳定性等测验);听觉机能(听阈测验、听觉疲劳、声音强度辨别阈和声源定向等测定);记忆联想和演算能力测定;反应时和手脚协同活动反应;驾驶追踪动作和汽车穿桩实验等多种综合指标。结果表明,一些指标有影响,另一些指标没有影响。总的看来,海拔4,000米左右的高原现场对人的感觉机能和脑功能没有明显的影响。     

开关板电表刻度线粗细、长短、间隔与观察距离的初步研究

电测量指示仪表标度盘的刻度、数字、符号等合理配置的研究,是工程心理学的一个重要组成部分。开关板电表,由于观察距离随工作现场的情况而有相当大的差别,刻度线的粗细、长短、间隔对阅读速度及准确度的影响,便显得更为重要了。本文就是有关课题的一系列研究报告之一。