娱乐场所服务女性的行为学调查

调查娱乐场所服务女性的性行为特征及其安全套使用情况,为预防性病/艾滋病健康教育和政策制定提供参考信息.采用立意抽样方法对我省南昌和萍乡两地娱乐场所服务女性进行问卷调查.娱乐场所服务女性卖淫比例较高,卖淫者安全套使用比例和频率不高,且卖淫者安全套使用存在不平衡现象.必须进一步加大宣传教育力度及强化干预工作.     

辩证看待肺部微小结节的诊治问题

随着群众健康意识的增长以及医学影像学技术的发展,越来越多的肺部结节性病灶,尤其是直径＜1.0cm的肺部微小结节被发现.在这类肺部微小结节的诊治过程中所涉及的各种诊断方法和治疗手段都存在各自的"利"与"弊".本文辩证地对这类肺部微小结节的诊治过程进行了分析,并提出了针对肺部微小结节诊治的可行性方案.     

糖尿病防治的策略转变——从关注糖化血红蛋白到着眼心血管事件

通过对2型糖尿痛心血管终点事件的观察,更多的临床证据提示,糖尿病的治疗目标应该以减少心血管事件为主.糖尿病防治从策略上发生了两个转变,即以血糖为中心转向以防治心血管事件为中心的多危险因素综合防治策略,以糖化血红蛋白检测作为血糖评价的金标准转向以血糖量、质、时程控制的全面评价策略.     

非精神病凶杀者在博彩测验上的决策特征

探究非精神病凶杀者在博彩测验上的决策特征,对26名凶杀组被试和43名对照组被试实施博彩测验,发现(C+D)-(A+B)在5个试验区间差异无统计学意义,而(A+C)-(B+D)在5个试验区间存差异有统计学意义.两组被试在A卡片选择上差异有统计学意义,在B、C、D卡片选择上差异无统计学意义.凶杀组在博彩测验上采用了比对照组更多冒险的决策,但是总体上无意识地选择了损失较少的卡片.     

儿童左右概念发展的实验研究

儿童正确地掌握左右概念要經过长期而复杂的发展道路。不同年龄儿童掌握左右概念的水平、反映出各該年龄儿童思維发展的水平。前人的研究指出:儿童对左右方向的辨别,开始是以他自身的左右为推算的出发点,构成感性推算系統。然后在这基础上,形成感性推算系統和有关的詞——“左”“右”的联     

复合应用题結构的初步探討

問題学生解答应用題的思維过程受制約于題目的結构。雅魯楚克曾指出:“学生解題依課題的复杂程度和課題的数学結构、依学生的准备性为轉移而出現不同程度的解題过程。所以分析課題的結构特点,是了解学生解題的整个思維过程的一个途径。     

Different paths to protest: predictors of collective action in the Occupy Movement

This study investigated the variables that shaped people's willingness to engage in collective action in the context of the Occupy Movement. Data were collected in 2011 from nonprotesting supporters at the New York City Occupy encampment and active occupiers at the New York and Atlanta encampments. Participants distinguished between different kinds of collective action based on cost. Furthermore, different predictors motivated distinct kinds of collective action. Identity and anger predicted low‐cost collective action. Efficacy predicted relatively costly collective action and mediated the link between identity and costly collective action. This study provides evidence that people draw distinctions between different actions based on cost and that, when it comes to predicting collective action, these distinctions matter.     

Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Diagnostic Classification Models

Joint maximum likelihood estimation (JMLE) is developed for diagnostic classification models (DCMs). JMLE has been barely used in Psychometrics because JMLE parameter estimators typically lack statistical consistency. The JMLE procedure presented here resolves the consistency issue by incorporating an external, statistically consistent estimator of examinees’ proficiency class membership into the joint likelihood function, which subsequently allows for the construction of item parameter estimators that also have the consistency property. Consistency of the JMLE parameter estimators is established within the framework of general DCMs: The JMLE parameter estimators are derived for the Loglinear Cognitive Diagnosis Model (LCDM). Two consistency theorems are proven for the LCDM. Using the framework of general DCMs makes the results and proofs also applicable to DCMs that can be expressed as submodels of the LCDM. Simulation studies are reported for evaluating the performance of JMLE when used with tests of varying length and different numbers of attributes. As a practical application, JMLE is also used with “real world” educational data collected with a language proficiency test.     

Linking Maternal Socialization of Positive Emotions to Children’s Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Role of Self-Control

Little is known about how parents socialize children’s positive affect regulation during late childhood. Consequently, we examined how mothers’ reported responses to their children’s (aged 7–12 years) positive emotions were linked to children’s behavioral problems and how children’s self-control moderated these associations. Our results indicated that maternal encouragement of positive emotions predicted fewer externalizing behaviors, but only for youth with lower self-control. Maternal explanation about their children’s positive emotions was unrelated to youth’s behavioral problems. Lastly, maternal dismissing responses to their children’s positive emotions (i.e., reprimanding responses and discomfort) were related to more externalizing and internalizing in youth, and these effects were not dependent on the children’s self-control. The current study adds to the limited research on positive affect socialization and offers some evidence that youth’s self-control may serve as a vantage-sensitivity factor in the association between maternal positive affect socialization and youth adjustment.