阿伦·奈斯的深层生态学思想

阿伦·奈斯开创了当代环境哲学研究的一个全新领域。他不仅为深层生态学建立了较为完整的框架体系,而且也为深层生态学的发展提供了重要的理论基础(生态智慧T)。对于深层生态学的研究者来说,不系统地认识奈斯的思想就无法深刻地理解深层生态学。     

发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用

在我国,开展社区健康管理具有重要意义.针对目前医学的社会化趋势以及社区卫生人力资源不足问题,通过概述健康促进志愿者活动在我国各地的实施进展与效果,指出发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用的必要性和可行性,并对怎样充分发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用进行探讨.     

防御性医疗行为的分类探讨

医患矛盾加剧的今天,医疗纠纷逐年增加,为了避免医疗纠纷,医生采取防御性医疗行为也不断随之增多.防御性医疗行为的存在是否具有合理性,成为探讨的焦点和难点.本文通过对防御性医疗行为的分类标准和分类类型进行探讨,希望对其合理与否的论证提供重要参考,且希望通过对它的分类更好的为其行使原则及后果的责任研究作下一步铺垫.     

对"医疗服务商品和市场"存在客观性和必然性的理性思考--兼评《对中国医疗卫生体制改革的评价与建议》

针对国务院发展研究中心课题组发表的<对中国医疗卫生体制改革的评价与建议>提出的卫生改革带来"问题的根源在于商业化、市场化的走向违背了医疗卫生事业发展的基本规律."提出"医疗服务商品"、"医疗服务市场"的存在是客观的,并通过反驳<评价与建议>提出的四对矛盾,提出"医疗服务商品"、"医疗服务市场"的存在也是必然的,最后分析了所谓"卫生改革失败"的真正原因.     

Improving computer skill training: behavior modeling, symbolic mental rehearsal, and the role of knowledge structures

Effective computer skill training is vital to organizational productivity. Two experiments (N = 288) demonstrated that the behavior modeling approach to computer skill training could be substantially improved by incorporating symbolic mental rehearsal (SMR). SMR is a specific form of mental rehearsal that establishes a cognitive link between visual images and symbolic memory codes. As theorized, the significant effects of SMR on declarative knowledge and task performance were shown to be fully mediated by changes in trainees' knowledge structures. The mediational role of knowledge structures is expected to generalize to other training interventions and cognitive skill domains. Our findings have the immediate implications that practitioners should use SMR for improving the effectiveness of computer skill training.     

医疗卫生产业组织研究与卫生政策

产业组织理论是经济学的重要分支之一,卫生经济的发展需要借鉴它的手段和方法,需要研究医疗卫生产业组织的相关问题.农村新型合作医疗的建立和发展,城市医疗卫生服务体系的再造,都离不开医疗卫生产业组织研究.市场,特别是非完全竞争的医疗服务市场,它的市场结构、市场主体行为和市场绩效之间内在的本质联系,是卫生政策能够发生应有效力的作用点.     

论行为疗法与森田疗法在神经症治疗中的优势互补

针对神经症的行为疗法与森田疗法进行了多方面的比较,认为两种疗法在临床实践中都是以行为为核心的;但二者所侧重的行为并不相同,在治疗目标上也不相同,行为疗法与森田疗法在神经症治疗中存在优势互补的可能性与必要性.     

心理因素和慢性前列腺炎关系的思考

慢性前列腺炎患者大多伴有不同程度的心理障碍,应重视患者的心理状态和精神活动,改善患者的生存质量.对这些患者,单纯的药物治疗,效果往往不佳,辅以相应的心理认知疗法,可以明显提高治愈率.经过心理治疗的患者复发率低,并对其周围的慢性前列腺炎患者有良好的诱导和表率作用,具有一定的临床和社会意义.     

Electrophysiological difference between the representations of causal judgment and associative judgment in semantic memory

Causally related concepts like “virus” and “epidemic” and general associatively related concepts like “ring” and “emerald” are represented and accessed separately. The Evoked Response Potential (ERP) procedure was used to examine the representations of causal judgment and associative judgment in semantic memory. Participants were required to remember a task cue (causal or associative) presented at the beginning of each trial, and assess whether the relationship between subsequently presented words matched the initial task cue. The ERP data showed that an N400 effect (250–450 ms) was more negative for unrelated words than for all related words. Furthermore, the N400 effect elicited by causal relations was more positive than for associative relations in causal cue condition, whereas no significant difference was found in the associative cue condition. The centrally distributed late ERP component (650–750 ms) elicited by the causal cue condition was more positive than for the associative cue condition. These results suggested that the processing of causal judgment and associative judgment in semantic memory recruited different degrees of attentional and executive resources.     

张惠言的词学与易学

张惠言是常州词派的开派领袖,但更是深通易学尤其是虞氏易的古文经学家,这一特殊身份决定着他的词学不可避免地带有易学的印记。他释词为“意内言外”来自汉代易学家孟喜对易之卦爻辞的解释,对唐宋词的解读注重探究其中的微言大义,则是虞氏“发挥旁通”、“贯穿比附”说易方法的直接运用,而他概括词的特征为“缘情造端,兴于微言”,也是明显地受《易·系辞》对《周易》文本特征描述的启发。从现代解释学的观点来看,张惠言以比兴寄托说词过于偏重作者原意的搜寻,只看到文学作品中形象与寓意之间的对应关系,其实形象与寓意之间不只是简单的比附关系而应该是相融无间无法拆解的,所以常州派的传人周济特别重视作品中艺术形象的创造,将“意内言外”之意由张氏所指向的作者之意转换为读者之意,在文学批评活动中重视读者对文本的阐释,较之张氏所论更为符合艺术鉴赏的审美规律。