“行高人非”还是“见贤思齐”？职场上行比较对员工行为的双刃剑效应

本研究基于压力认知评估理论,从理性认知视角探讨了职场上行比较存在的提升自我和贬损他人效应,以及驱动不同路径效应生效的边界条件和传导机制。本研究通过轮询设计,在3个时间点收集了来自60个团队240位成员的720份人际配对样本,并采用社会关系模型分析数据得出以下结论:在低水平绩效证明目标导向情况下,员工倾向于将上行比较对象评估为挑战,进而激发员工向上行比较对象的学习行为;相反,在高水平绩效证明目标导向情况下,员工倾向于将上行比较对象评估为威胁,进而驱使员工采取针对上行比较对象的社会阻抑。     

青少年早期网络欺凌/受欺凌对睡眠质量的影响：社交焦虑和抑郁情绪的链式中介作用

基于压力认知失眠模型,采用网络欺凌/受欺凌问卷、青少年社交焦虑问卷、流调中心抑郁问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷,对582名中小学生进行三次追踪测查,每次间隔半年,并运用结构方程模型考察社交焦虑和抑郁情绪在网络欺凌/受欺凌对睡眠质量的影响的中介作用及其性别差异。结果表明：(1)社交焦虑和抑郁情绪在网络欺凌/受欺凌影响睡眠质量的路径中均起到链式中介作用;(2)网络欺凌/受欺凌影响睡眠质量的链式中介模型存在性别差异。这启示要改善网络欺凌者与受欺凌者的睡眠质量,应关注网络欺凌给他们带来的情绪困扰,只有从根本上解决其情绪问题,才能最终有效促进其睡眠质量。     

A functional analysis of personal autonomy: How restricting ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ affects experienced agency and goal motivation

Personal autonomy is central to people's experiences of agency and abilities to actively take part in society. To address the challenges of supporting autonomy, we propose a functional model of autonomy, according to which the experience of agency is a function of the opportunity to determine what to do, when to act and how to act in goal-pursuit. We tested the model in three experiments where the three goal-pursuit components could be constrained by another person or an artificial intelligence (AI) agent. Results showed that removing any of the three components from one's own decisions reduced experienced agency (Study 1a and 1b) and lowered motivation to pursue goals in organisational contexts (Study 2). In comparison to the strong and robust main effects, interactions between the components and the effects of the source of restriction (human vs. AI) were negligible. Implications for personal autonomy, algorithmic decision-making and behaviour change interventions are discussed.     

Employee psychological wellbeing in the face of pandemic: The role of belief in work priority

Traditionally, individuals who prioritize work over other aspects of life have been lauded as ideal employees. Individuals vary in the extent to which they endorse the beliefs that work should be prioritized over other aspects of life, known as the Belief in Work Priority (BWP). Various lockdown restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic have blurred work-family boundary, which consequently made prioritizing work over family responsibilities challenging. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between BWP and employee wellbeing during (vs. before) the pandemic outbreak. We recruited 398 participants who were employed and resided in the U.S. Results revealed that during the pandemic, BWP and employee wellbeing showed a negative relationship through increased work-family conflict. Furthermore, such relationship was particularly strong among married employees and male employees.     

儿童和青少年的空间—时间隐喻图式

研究考察儿童和青少年是否具有“左-右”空间-时间隐喻图式。以泉州市惠安县4所学校小学三年级、小学六年级、初中三年级和高中三年级共100名学生为被试,完成时态-按键匹配任务。结果发现,各年级被试均对“左-过去,右-将来”的按键匹配比对“左-将来,右-过去”的按键匹配反应更快,准确率更高,表明自小学三年级起,儿童和青少年在时间隐喻图式上表现出和成人一致的模式,未发现年龄发展效应。该发现支持隐喻结构观。     

母性应激对母性行为和心理功能的影响

成为母亲对女性而言是人生经历的特殊阶段, 她们在这个阶段发生的生理和心理的适应性改变对其自身和子代健康具有重要意义。母性应激是阻碍母亲适应性改变顺利进行的重要因素。母性应激会破坏人类母亲和雌性哺乳动物的母性行为、认知功能和情绪调节, 这种影响与糖皮质激素、催产素、催乳素等内分泌系统的调节失常; 母性环路、边缘系统及前额叶皮质等神经环路对刺激的神经反应改变以及神经发生、树突和突触重塑的可塑性变化有关。     

医学的新定位:走出医院,迈向社会

医学的服务范围、作用领域和责任载体等逐渐从医院向社会延伸、扩展."医学的目的"决定医学发展和医院定位的方向,社会、经济等诸多因素促使医学不断地从医院走向社会.医院唯有在清醒认识医学目的的前提下,抓住医疗卫生体制变革完善的契机,在医学模式上转变,在医疗服务上拓展,在医疗管理上改进,才能步入良性的发展轨道.     

非精神病凶杀者在博彩测验上的决策特征

探究非精神病凶杀者在博彩测验上的决策特征，对26名凶杀组被试和43名对照组被试实施博彩测验，发现（C＋D）-（A＋B）在5个试验区间差异无统计学意义，而（A＋C）-（B＋D）在5个试验区间存差异有统计学意义。两组被试在A卡片选择上差异有统计学意义，在B、C、D卡片选择上差异无统计学意义。凶杀组在博彩测验上采用了比对照组更多冒险的决策，但是总体上无意识地选择了损失较少的卡片。     

儒家精神及其现代进路

冯友兰先生指出:自19世纪中叶至21世纪中叶,中国的主流是向西方学习。临终前他又说,中国文化一定会在21世纪大放异彩。我以为把这两句话综合起来,就是儒学在世纪之交的中国所应有的地位,也就是说,中国要实现现代化就必须向西方学习,只靠儒学是不行的,但儒学中的积极因素却能对西方的现代化起到纠偏扶正的作用。