Understanding associations among family support,friend support,and psychological distress

Emotional support from family and friends is associated with lower psychological distress. This study examined whether genetic and environmental influences explain associations among family support, friend support, and psychological distress. Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study and included 947 pairs of monozygotic (MZ), same‐sex dizygotic (DZ), and opposite‐sex DZ twins. Results showed that a genetic factor explains the relation between friend support and psychological distress, independent of family support. Alternatively, a nonshared environmental factor accounts for an association between family support, friend support, and psychological distress. Thus, heritable factors shape a distinct relation between friend support and psychological distress, but unique experiences contribute to a link between family support, friend support, and psychological distress.     

What Is the Active Ingredients Equation for Success in Executive Coaching?

In this response, we address commentator concerns about the generalizability of the active ingredients of psychotherapy to the science and practice of executive coaching. We discuss four ingredient that may make a difference: (a) client characteristics, (b) goals or success criteria, (c) role of the organization, and (d) contextual knowledge of the executive coach. We explore how each of these differences is likely to affect the weighting of the four active ingredients in the equation for predicting executive coaching outcomes. From this analysis, we re-affirm our hypotheses that the active ingredients are generalizable to coaching and hold promise for strengthening research and practice. We conclude by highlighting the efforts of several commentators to extend and deepen our hypotheses to other areas of leadership development.     

JOB SATISFACTION AS A COMPONENT OF HAPPINESS AMONG MALES AND FEMALES

Using a sample made up of four independently drawn U. S. national surveys, partial correlation was conducted separately by occupational categories for white male ( n = 1,161) and female ( n = 491) full-time employees to estimate the relationship between job satisfaction and global happiness when the effects of satisfaction experienced in seven other domains of life and age, education, income, and occupational prestige were removed. For most occupations and both sex groups few of the job satisfaction-global happiness partial correlations were significant, thus extending previous evidence that job satisfaction may not be uniquely important to the overall happiness of most employees.     

Roles of Counseling in Enabling Persons With Disabilities

The role of counseling in enabling students with disabilities has changed over the past 10 years. Other personnel in school settings now counsel students with disabilities, in addition to school and rehabilitation counselors. Evidence to support these contentions is described through a national survey. The specific roles of other counseling-related personnel are noted, and the primacy of transition issues is highlighted. Finally, there are implications for implementation of a collaborative consultation model in special education.     

Differential Impacts of a Computer Information System on Selected Human Service Agencies

An analysis of the impact of a computerized information system on selected users in eight human service agencies indicates that the Guidance Information System assists users in determining educational-occupational plans, increasing occupational knowledge, and making career plans. Counselors desiring to use computer information systems will need in-service training for examining program impact and philosophical issues, and in designing adjunct career guidance activities.