Distressing Relationships,Anger, and Stress Amplification in a Sample of Young Adult African Americans

This study examined the impact of relationship distress in a sample of 637 African American young adults from the Family and Community Health Study. Using data from privately collected, in-depth interviews, we assessed how distress in nonmarital romantic partnerships and best friendships influence anger. While social support researchers have examined the stress buffering influence of supportive relationships, we utilized the principle of negative potency to test the stress amplification effect of relationship distress through an assessment of stressful life events and racial discrimination. Our analysis showed that distress in relationships was associated with anger, while the presence of these relationships was not. Support for the stress amplification hypothesis was found as men and women who experience intense racial discrimination coupled with a more hostile best friend had elevated levels of anger. Gender differences were also evident and discussed.     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Early Arithmetic,Reading, and Learning Indicators (EARLI)

Despite growing interest in early intervention, there are few measures available to monitor the progress of early academic skills in preschoolers. The Early Arithmetic, Reading, and Learning Indicators (EARLI; DiPerna, Morgan, & Lei, 2007) were developed as brief assessments of critical early literacy and numeracy skills. The purpose of the current study was to examine the factor structure of the EARLI probes via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of Head Start preschoolers (N = 289). A two-factor model with correlated error terms and a bifactor model provided comparable fit to the data, although there were some structural problems with the latter model. The utility of the bifactor model for explaining the structure of early academic skills as well as the utility of the EARLI probes as measures of literacy and numeracy skills in preschool are discussed.     

When actions speak volumes: The role of inferences about moral character in outrage over racial bigotry

Inferences about moral character may often drive outrage over symbolic acts of racial bigotry. Study 1 demonstrates a theoretically predicted dissociation between moral evaluations of an act and the person who carries out the act. Although Americans regarded the private use of a racial slur as a less blameworthy act than physical assault, use of a slur was perceived as a clearer indicator of poor moral character. Study 2 highlights the dynamic interplay between moral judgments of acts and persons, demonstrating that first making person judgments can bias subsequent act judgments. Privately defacing a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. led to greater moral condemnation of the agent than of the act itself only when the behavior was evaluated first. When Americans first made character judgments, symbolically defacing a picture of the civil rights leader was significantly more likely to be perceived as an immoral act. These studies support a person‐centered account of outrage over bigotry and demonstrate that moral evaluations of acts and persons converge and diverge under theoretically meaningful circumstances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Concurrent adaptation to opposite visual distortions: impairment and cue

The present study compared single and dual adaptation to visuomotor rotations in different cueing conditions. Participants adapted either to a constant rotation or to opposing rotations (dual adaptation) applied in an alternating order. In Experiment 1, visual and corresponding postural cues were provided to indicate different rotation directions. In Experiment 2, either a visual or a postural cue was available. In all cueing conditions, substantial dual adaptation was observed, although it was attenuated in comparison to single adaptation. Analysis of switching costs determined as the performance difference between the last trial before and the first trial after the change of rotation direction suggested substantial advantage of the visual cue compared to the postural cue, which was in line with previous findings demonstrating the dominance of visual sense in movement representation and control.     

纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治研究中的相关进展

目前肿瘤的早期诊断依然是需要攻克的难关,现有的抗肿瘤药物因具有较大毒性且缺乏组织特异性而存在很大的局限性.纳米金基于能够被多种基团修饰后获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向性的特点逐渐成为当前抗肿瘤研究的热点.纳米金自身具有独特的生物活性,同时具有光热效应,也可以作为载体负载药物,以上3种特点均可应用于新药物的开发,用于肿瘤诊治方面的研究.本文从这三个方面描述了近期纳米金的研究进展.     

高中生羞怯与学业适应的关系:学业求助的中介作用

本研究采用中学生羞怯量表、学业求助量表及学业适应量表对青岛两所普通中学625名高中生进行调查,分析高中生羞怯、学业求助与学业适应之间的关系,并探讨学业求助是否在高中生羞怯与学业适应之间起中介作用。结果发现:(1)羞怯可以显著预测高中生的学业适应;(2)学业求助态度在羞怯与学业适应间起部分中介作用;(3)羞怯部分通过学业求助态度经学业求助行为的多重中介作用影响学业适应。     

心理学研究中的还原主义问题考察

还原主义是主导心理学研究的非常重要的理论原则。其核心思想是认为,世界是分层的梯级系统,可以通过已知的、低层级的事物或理论来解释与说明未知的、高层级的事物或理论。实证的科学心理学在自己的起步的阶段,曾经把物理学当成了自己的榜样,当成了自己的标准。心理学在解说人的心理行为的过程中,就把心理行为的规律归结为物理主义的规律。生物决定论观点认为人的心理或行为主要受人的生物因素所决定,人类的社会行为、人格乃至社会生活的基本方面都决定于这些个体、群体、种族或人种的生物因素。还原论与还原方法既有联系又存在着质的差别。还原论在心理学的研究中有其合理的地方。这也就可以区分出所谓的物理主义的还原,化学分析的还原、生物决定的还原、生理机制的还原、社会决定的还原、文化制约的还原,等等。在表面上看,心理学研究中的还原主义是一种简单化的或简约化的研究处理。但是,在深层上看,心理学研究却借助于还原论而形成了自己的研究框架。并且,这也是将各自不同学科的相关的探索转换成为了心理学的学术性资源。     

考虑题目选项信息的非参数认知诊断计算机自适应测验

选择题中的作答选项能提供额外诊断信息, 为充分利用选项信息, 研究提出认知诊断计算机自适应测验(CD-CAT)中两种处理选择题选项信息的非参数选题策略和变长终止规则。模拟研究的结果发现：(1)定长条件下两种非参数选题策略的分类准确性整体要高于参数选题策略; (2)两种非参数选题策略较参数选题策略具有更加均衡的题库使用情况; (3)非参数选题策略在两种新的变长终止规则下具有更高的分类准确率; (4)两种非参数选题策略均适用于选择题CD-CAT情境, 使用者可任选其一进行测验分析。     

Correction to: Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection on Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: A Longitudinal,Multicultural Study

Journal of Child and Family Studies -     

中国情境下公共服务动机的理论构建与绩效转换机制

准确把握基层公职人员的公共服务动机是提升工作绩效、完善人力资源管理的重要前提。现有公共服务动机研究忽略了中国情景的特殊性, 对公共服务动机的微观激发机制及其消极绩效影响也关注不足。本研究从中国情景下公共服务动机的概念、核心构成要素、激发机制以及绩效结果入手, 从三个方面系统地构建适合中国场景的公共服务动机理论：第一, 将公共服务动机视为混合动机概念, 基于扎根理论的定性方式识别基层公务员公共服务动机的构成要素与核心内涵, 并据此开发本土化、多维度的公共服务动机量表; 第二, 从微观激发机制出发, 探讨受益人接触、自我倡议、观念反思等机制对个体公共服务动机的激发作用; 第三, 从积极影响和消极影响两个方面探讨公共服务动机与个体公务员行为间的关联及其机理。本研究既响应了国内公共管理学界长期以来发展本土理论的呼声, 亦为政府部门完善公共人事政策提供切实思路和实证依据。